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朝天子·咏喇叭

【作者】王磐【朝代】明

拼音

译文

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lǎ

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儿

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！

喇叭，唢呐，吹的曲子虽短，声音却很响亮。官船来往频繁如乱糟糟的麻，全凭借你抬高名誉地位。军队听了军队发愁，百姓听了百姓害怕。哪里会去辨别什么真和假？眼看着使有的人家倾家荡产，使有的人家元气大伤，直吹得水流干鹅飞跑，家破人亡啊！

喇叭，唢呐，曲儿小腔儿大。官船来往乱如麻，全仗你抬声价。军听了军愁，民听了民怕。哪里去辨甚么真共假？眼见的吹翻了这家，吹伤了那家，只吹的水尽鹅飞罢！

标签:

咏物初中古诗

出自部编版九年级下《课外古诗词诵读》

《别云间》《南安军》《山坡羊·骊山怀古》《浣溪沙（身向云山那畔行）》《临江仙·夜登小楼，忆洛中旧游》《太常引·建康中秋夜为吕叔潜赋》《定风波（莫听穿林打叶声）》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

(1)朝天子：曲牌名。
(2)喇叭：铜制管乐器，上细下粗，最下端的口部向四周扩张，可以扩大声音。
(3)锁呐：写作“唢呐”，管乐器，管身正面有七孔，背面一孔。前接一个喇叭形扩声器。民乐中常用。
(4)曲儿小：（吹的）曲子很短。
(5)腔儿大：（吹出的）声音很响。曲儿小腔儿大是喇叭、唢呐的特征。本事很小、官腔十足是宦官的特征。
(6)官船：官府衙门的船只。
(7)乱如麻：形容来往频繁，出现次数很多。
(8)仗：倚仗，凭借。
(9)你：指喇叭、唢呐。
(10)抬：抬高。
(11)声价：指名誉地位。（宦官装腔作势，声价全靠喇叭来抬。而喇叭其所以能抬声价，又因为它传出的是皇帝的旨意。矛头所指，更深一层。也暗示其狐假虎威的嘴脸。）
(12)军：指军队。
(13)愁：发愁。因受搅扰而怨忿。旧时皇帝为了加强对军队统帅的控制，常派宦官监军，以牵制军队长官的行动，十分讨厌。
(14)哪里：同“那里”。
(15)辨：分辨、分别。
(16)甚么：同“什么”，疑问代词。
(17)共：和。
(18)眼见的：眼看着。
(19)吹翻了这家：意思是使有的人家倾家荡产。
(20)吹伤了那家：使有的人家元气大伤。
(21)水尽鹅飞罢：水干了，鹅也飞光了。比喻民穷财尽，家破人亡。这是宦官害民的严重后果。水尽鹅飞，“官船”就不能长久来往，这也是对最高统治者的警告，比喻家破人亡。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这首小令可分四层，第一层说喇叭、唢呐最突出的特征是“曲儿小腔儿大”，暗示小人得意的情状；第二层说喇叭、唢呐的用途，是为来往如麻的官船抬声价，即为官方所用；第三层展示喇叭、唢呐用途的另一面：为害军民，即在为官船抬声价的同时，肆意侵害军民的利益，让老百姓一听到喇叭、唢呐之声就不寒而栗，胆战心惊；最后一层写喇叭、唢呐吹奏的结果：吹翻了这家，吹伤了那家，直吹得民穷财尽，家破人亡。曲中表面上写的是喇叭和唢呐，实则处处写的都是宦官。全曲借物抒怀，虽然没有正面提到宦官的字样，却活画出了他们的丑态，讽刺和揭露了明代宦官狐假虎威，残害百姓的罪恶行径，表达了人民对他们的痛恨情绪。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

　这支曲创作于明武宗正德年间（1506—1521年），当时宦官当权，在交通要道运河上，他们往来频繁，每到一处就耀武扬威，鱼肉百姓。诗人王磐家住运河边的高邮县，目睹宦官的种种恶行，写了这支《朝天子》，借咏喇叭，揭露宦官的罪行，反应这个时期的社会黑暗现实。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

明正德年间，宦官当权。他们每日出巡，竟无空闲之日，每到一处，动辄吹吹打打，威风八面，搞得民不安生。这首《咏喇叭》以号角为题

正是讽刺宦官们装腔作势的丑态，从而揭露他们作威作福，残害人民的罪恶。言语中流露作者沉痛激愤的思想感情。

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小令第一层说喇叭、唢呐的特征是“曲儿小腔儿大”，这是喇叭最突出的特征，一“小”一“大”的对比中，也流露出作者的爱憎之情。一个“腔”字，道出了喇叭和宦官的共同特征，把那些贪官污吏的丑恶本质刻画得入木三分。小令的第二层说喇叭、唢呐的用途，是为来往如麻的官船抬声价，即为官方所用。“声价”即名誉地位，按理应是客观评价；而这里却要“抬”，就说明喇叭、锁呐的品格是卑下的。小令第三层展示喇叭、唢呐用途的另一面：为害军民，即在为官船抬声价的同时，肆意侵害军民的利益，让老百姓一听到喇叭、唢呐之声就不寒而栗，胆战心惊。小令最后一层写喇叭、唢呐吹奏的... 古诗文网>>

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作者：佚名

　　这支曲作于明武宗正德年间（1506—1521），当时宦官当权，在交通要道运河上，他们往来频繁，每到一处就耀武扬威，鱼肉百姓。人王磐家住运河边... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

王磐（约1470年～1530年）称为南曲之冠。明代散曲作家、画家，亦通医学。字鸿渐，江苏高邮人。少时薄科举，不应试，一生没有作过官，尽情放纵于山水诗画之间，筑楼于城西，终日与文人雅士歌吹吟咏，因自号“西楼”。所作散曲，题材广泛。正德间，宦官当权，船到高邮，辄吹喇叭，骚扰民间，作《朝天子·咏喇叭》一首以讽。著有《王西楼乐府》、《王西楼先生乐府》、《野菜谱》、《西楼律诗》百科详情>>

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朝天子·咏喇叭

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