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和张仆射塞下曲·其三

【作者】卢纶【朝代】唐

拼音

译文

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yuè

月

hēi

黑

yàn

雁

fēi

飞

gāo

高

，

chán

单

yú

于

yè

夜

dùn

遁

táo

逃

。

yù

欲

jiāng

将

qīng

轻

jì

骑

zhú

逐

，

dà

大

xuě

雪

mǎn

满

gōng

弓

dāo

刀

。

夜静月黑雁群飞得很高，单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。正要带领轻骑兵去追赶，大雪纷飞落满了身上的弓刀。

月黑雁飞高，单于夜遁逃。

夜静月黑雁群飞得很高，单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。

欲将轻骑逐，大雪满弓刀。

正要带领轻骑兵去追赶，大雪纷飞落满了身上的弓刀。

月黑雁飞高，单于夜遁逃。
欲将轻骑逐，大雪满弓刀。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

夜静月黑雁群飞得很高，单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。正要带领轻骑兵去追赶，大雪纷飞落满了身上的弓刀。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

①塞下曲：古时边塞的一种军歌。
②月黑：没有月光。
③单于（chán yú ）：匈奴的首领。这里指入侵者的最高统帅。
④遁：逃走。
⑤将：率领。
⑥轻骑：轻装快速的骑兵。
⑦逐：追赶。
⑧满：沾满。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

这首诗字里行间充溢着雄壮豪放的英雄气概，虽为中唐时期的作品，却表现出恢弘的盛唐气象。诗的前两句写敌军的溃退。“月黑”，则茫无所见；“雁飞高”，则无迹可寻。雁飞而且高，实则是由声音觉察到的。故此句虽在写景，但并非眼中之景，而是意中之景。宿雁惊飞，透露出敌人正在行动，寥寥五字，既交待了时间，又烘托出战斗前的紧张气氛，直接逼出下句“单于夜遁逃”。“夜遁逃”，可见敌军已经全线崩溃。诗句语气肯定，判断明确，充满了对敌人的蔑视和己军必胜的信念，足令读者为之振奋。诗的三、四句写己军准备追击的情形，表现了将士们威武的气概。追击敌军，不用大军而仅派“轻骑”，这不仅仅因为快捷，同时也还显示出一种高度的自信，仿佛敌人已是瓮中之鳖，只须少量“轻骑”追剿，便可手到擒来。接下来“大雪满弓刀”一句，将全诗意境推向高潮。在茫茫的夜色中，在洁白的雪地上，一支轻骑兵正在集结，雪花顷刻便落满了他们全身，遮掩了他们武器的寒光。他们就像一支支即将离弦的箭，虽然尚未出发，却早就满怀着必胜的信心。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

卢纶早年多次应举不第，后经元载、王职。朱泚之乱过后，咸宁王浑瑊出镇河中，提拔卢纶为元帅府判官。这是卢纶边塞生活的开始。在军营中，卢纶看到的都是雄浑肃穆的边塞景象，接触到的都是粗犷豪迈的将士，在这种背景下创作了这组边塞诗。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊 生字

卢纶，字允言，是北魏济州刺史、光禄大夫卢尚之的后人，唐代诗人，大历十才子之一。

《塞下曲》是一首边塞诗

运用了比喻，借代的修辞手法

这首诗字里行间充溢着雄壮豪放的英雄气概，虽为中唐时期的作品，却表现出恢弘的盛唐气象。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

fú

释义 1.［芙蓉］落叶灌木名。开白色或淡红色花，可供观赏。叶和花可做药材； 2.荷花的别名

róng

释义 1.用某些植物的果肉或种子制成的粉状物 2.［芙（fú）蓉］见“{芙}” 3.［苁（cōng）蓉］见“{苁}” 4.四川成都的别称

luò

释义 1.水名。北洛河，源出陕西，流入渭河； 2.南洛河，源出陕西，流至河南入黄河 3.洛阳的简称

dān

chán

shàn

释义 1.独自一个的；不跟别的合在一起的 2.奇数的（跟“双”“偶”相对） 3.弱；微 4.项目、种类少；结构、头绪不复杂 5.单层的（指衣物等） 6.铺盖用的单层大幅的布 7.记事用的纸片 8.副词。表示范围，相当于“仅仅”“只”

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《塞下曲》为汉乐府旧题，属《横吹曲辞》，内容多写边塞征战。原共六首，蘅塘退士选其四首。这是卢纶组《塞下曲》中的第三首。卢纶曾任幕府中的元帅判官，对行伍生活有体验，描写此类生活的诗比较充实，风格雄劲。这首诗写将军雪夜准备率兵追敌的壮举，气概豪迈。
诗由写景开始，“月黑雁飞高”并非眼中之景，而是意中之景。雪夜月黑，本不是雁飞的正常时刻；而宿雁惊飞，透露出敌人正在行动。寥寥五字，既交代了时间为冬季，又烘托出了战前的紧张气氛。
“单于夜遁逃”，敌人夜间行动，并非率兵来袭，而是借月色的掩护仓皇逃遁。诗句语气肯定，判断明确，... 古诗文网>>

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　　这首写于卢纶的人生和仕途都极为不顺，早年间他多次应举不第，后经元载、王缙等举荐才某的管职。朱泚之乱过后，咸宁王浑瑊出镇河中，提拔卢纶为元帅府... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

卢纶（约737-约799），字允言，唐代诗人，大历十才子之一，汉族，河中蒲（今山西省永济县）人。天宝末举进士，遇乱不第；代宗朝又应举，屡试不第。大历六年，宰相元载举荐，授阌乡尉；后由王缙荐为集贤学士，秘书省校书郎，升监察御史。出为陕府户曹、河南密县令。后元载、王缙获罪，遭到牵连。德宗朝复为昭应令，又任河中浑瑊元帅府判官，官至检校户部郎中。有《卢户部诗集》。百科详情>>

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