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【作者】朱敦儒【朝代】宋

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jīn

金

líng

陵

chéng

城

shàng

上

xī

西

lóu

楼

，

yǐ

倚

qīng

清

qiū

秋

。

wàn

万

lǐ

里

xī

夕

yáng

阳

chuí

垂

dì

地

，

dà

大

jiāng

江

liú

流

。

zhōng

中

yuán

原

luàn

乱

，

zān

簪

yīng

缨

sàn

散

，

jǐ

几

shí

时

shōu

收

？

shì

试

qiàn

倩

bēi

悲

fēng

风

chuī

吹

lèi

泪

，

guò

过

yáng

扬

zhōu

州

。

金陵城上西楼，倚清秋。万里夕阳垂地大江流。

登上金陵城的西门城楼，倚窗远眺，深秋之景尽收眼底，滔滔江水，在夕阳下奔流万里。

中原乱，簪缨散，几时收？

中原战乱，官僚流散，什么时候才能收复国土呢？

试倩悲风吹泪过扬州。

风啊，请你将我的热泪和悲伤吹到扬州前线吧。

标签:

情感爱国宋词三百首怀念豪放地名扬州

出自部编版八年级上《课外古诗词诵读》

《浣溪沙（一曲新词酒一杯）》《赠从弟（其二）》《采桑子（轻舟短棹西湖好）》《如梦令（常记溪亭日暮）》《梁甫行》《龟虽寿》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

登上金陵城的西门城楼，倚窗远眺，深秋之景尽收眼底。滔滔江水，在夕阳下奔流万里。中原战乱，官僚流散，什么时候才能收复国土呢？风啊，请你将我的热泪和悲伤吹到扬州前线吧！

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

金陵：南京。城上西楼：西门上的城楼。
倚清秋：倚楼观看清秋时节的景色。
中原乱：指公元1127年（宋钦宗靖康二年）金人侵占中原的大乱。
簪缨：当时官僚贵族的冠饰，这里代指他们本人。
收：收复国土。
倩：请。
扬州：地名，今属江苏，是当时南宋的前方，屡遭金兵破坏。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这首词一开始即写登楼所见。在词人眼前展开的是无边秋色，万里夕阳。秋天是冷落萧条的季节。宋玉在《九辩》中写道：“悲哉，秋之为气也，萧瑟兮，草木摇落而变衰。”杜甫在《登高》中也说：“万里悲秋常作客。”所以古人说“秋士多悲”。当离乡背井，作客金陵的朱敦儒独自一人登上金陵城楼，纵目远眺，看到这一片萧条零落的秋景，悲秋之感自不免油然而生。又值黄昏日暮之时，万里大地都笼罩在恹恹的夕阳中。“垂地”，说明正值日薄西山，余晖黯淡，大地很快就要被淹没在苍茫的暮色中了。这种景物描写带有很浓厚的主观色彩。王国维说：“以我观物，故物皆着我之色彩。”朱敦儒就是带着浓厚的国亡家破的伤感情绪来看眼前景色的。他用象征手法使人很自然地联想到南宋的国事亦如词人眼前的暮景，也将无可挽回地走向没落、衰亡。作者的心情是沉重的。下片忽由写景转到直言国事，似太突然。其实不然。上片既已用象征手法暗喻国事，则上下两片暗线关连，意脉不露，不是突然转折，而是自然衔接。“簪缨”，是指贵族官僚们的帽饰。簪用来连结头发和帽子；缨是帽带。此处代指贵族和士大夫。中原沦陷，北宋的世家贵族纷纷逃散。这是又一次的“衣冠南渡”。“几时收？”这是作者提出的一个无法回答的问题。这种“中原乱，簪缨散”的局面何时才能结束呢？表现了作者渴望早日恢复中原，还于旧都的强烈愿望，同时也是对朝廷苟安旦夕，不图恢复的愤慨和抗议。结句“试倩悲风吹泪过扬州”。悲风，当然也是作者的主观感受。风，本身无所谓悲，而是词人主观心情上悲，感到风也是悲的了。风悲、景悲、人悲，不禁潸然泪下。这不只是悲秋之泪，更重要的是忧国之泪。作者要倩悲风吹泪到扬州去，扬州是抗金的前线重镇，国防要地，这表现了词人对前线战事的关切。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

靖康之难，汴京沦陷，二帝被俘。朱敦儒仓猝南逃金陵，总算暂时获得了喘息机会。这首词就是他客居金陵，登上金陵城西门城楼所写的。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

上阙写景，但景中藏情。千里清秋，夕阳垂地，万里长江，滚滚东流，这些是眼前景物，但“清秋”“夕阳”“逝水”渲染出极其肃杀、悲凉的气氛，暗含着山河残破、国运衰落的气象，寄寓着诗人悲凉抑郁的心情。

表达了诗人的亡国之痛、收复中原的强烈愿望以及对朝廷的愤懑、对沦陷人民的同情。

景象：黄昏时分，万里大地都笼罩在苍茫的暮色中，滚滚长江水向东逝去，一派衰败的景象3分。作用：一是象征南宋的国势日渐衰微；一分二是奠定全词苍凉感伤的情感基调。

赏析

古人登楼、登高，每多感慨王粲登楼，怀念故土杜甫登楼，感慨“万方多难”许浑登咸阳城西楼有“一上高城万里愁”之叹李商隐登安定城楼，有“欲回天地入扁舟”之感。尽管各个时代的人遭际不同，所感各异，然而登楼抒感则是一致的。
这首词一开始即写登楼所见。在词人眼前展开的是无边秋色，万里夕阳。秋天是冷落萧条的季节宋玉在《九辩》中写道：“悲哉，秋之为气也，萧瑟兮，草木摇落而变衰。”杜甫在《登高》中也说：“万里悲秋常作客。”所以古人说“秋士多悲”。当离乡背井，作客金陵的朱敦儒独自一人登上金陵城楼，纵目远眺，看到这一片萧条零落的秋景，悲秋之感... 古诗文网>>

此词是作者南渡后登金陵城上西楼眺远时，抒发爱国情怀的词作，全词气魄宏大，寄慨深远，凝聚着当时广大爱国者的心声。
上片写金陵登临之所见。开头两句，写词人登城楼眺远，触景生情，引起感慨。金陵城上的西门楼，居高临下，面向波涛滚滚的长江，是观览江面变化，远眺城外景色的胜地。李白曾在这里写下了《金陵城西楼月下吟》诗，抒发的是对南齐诗人谢朓的怀念。
朱敦儒这首登楼抒怀之作，既不是发“思古之幽情”，也不是为区区个人之事，而是感叹国家生死存亡的命运。
接下来，作者写自己在秋色中倚西楼远眺。“清秋”二字，容易引起人们... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

朱敦儒（1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）百科详情>>

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