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【作者】谭嗣同【朝代】清

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zhōng

终

gǔ

古

gāo

高

yún

云

cù

簇

cǐ

此

chéng

城

，

qiū

秋

fēng

风

chuī

吹

sàn

散

mǎ

马

tí

蹄

shēng

声

。

hé

河

liú

流

dà

大

yě

野

yóu

犹

xián

嫌

shù

束

，

shān

山

rù

入

tóng

潼

guān

关

bù

不

jiě

解

píng

平

。

终古高云簇此城，

古往今来的云气簇拥着潼关城隘，

秋风吹散马蹄声。

此时萧瑟的秋风声将我的马蹄声吹散。

河流大野犹嫌束，

望去表里山河，黄河到了这里虽然已经进入到广阔的关中平原，却还是显着被束缚，

山入潼关不解平。

向西而去的群山全无平坦，一山更比一山高。

出自部编版七年级上《课外古诗词诵读》

《行军九日思长安故园》《夜上受降城闻笛》《夜雨寄北》《秋词（其一）》《峨眉山月歌》《江南逢李龟年》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

古往今来的云气簇拥着潼关城隘，此时萧瑟的秋风声将我的马蹄声吹散。望去表里山河，黄河到了这里虽然已经进入到广阔的关中平原，却还是显着被束缚，向西而去的群山全无平坦，一山更比一山高。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

潼（tóng）关：关名。故址在今陕西省潼关县北，为古代东西往来的要隘。
终古：自古以来。簇（cù）：丛聚。
河流：指奔腾而过的黄河。
束：约束。
不解平：不知道什么是平坦。
解：懂得。

来源：

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

　此诗以雄健豪放的笔触描绘了潼关一带山河的雄伟壮阔，折射出诗人一种冲决一切罗网、昂扬进取的心态。诗的首句以一种远景式的遥望，展现潼关一带苍茫雄浑的气象。紧接着，第二句以轻捷、有力的笔调，将“秋风”“马蹄声”引入诗中，不但以听觉形象补充了前一句所造成的视觉形象，进一步渲染出潼关一带独具的氛围，而且打破了原先画面的静态，给全诗增添了一种动感。对于久处书斋的文弱书生来说，萧瑟秋风也许是惹人伤感的凄凉之物，但对胸怀大志，亦文亦武的诗人来说，秋风中那矫健的马蹄声却更能催动豪情。他在壮阔的天地间策马驰骋，感到欣喜，感到痛快，感到精神上的极大的自由。接下来的三、四句，则转从河和山方面来写。在前面那种状态下，诗人极目四望，眼前的自然景物也呈现出新奇的姿态：那从群山中冲决而出的黄河，尽管已奔入辽阔的平原，但仍嫌受束缚似的在不断冲击着河岸；而西去的群山，虽然走向与黄河相反，但仿佛也在力戒平坦，一更比一峰高。这样透过壮阔险峻的背景，就把潼关写活了。同时将写景与言情巧妙地结合起来，融进了诗人要求冲破约束的奔放情怀，是自我性格含蓄而又生动的描绘。这里的诗人即高山、大河，高山、大河即是诗人。因为诗人已把自己的精神投射到了高山、大河之上，在高度的审美愉悦中，诗人已与高山、大河进入了同一状态，彼此相融，浑然不分而这“犹嫌束”“不解平”的黄河，高山，即是诗人傲岸不羁雄奇磊落胸怀的写照是诗人特有的冲决一切罗网、奋发昂扬的心态的外化。诗人在这首诗中所呈现出的，是一种扩张式的、外拓型的心态。这是一种在新旧社会交替之际所急需的新型人才应有的精神状态。它昭示了诗人短促而轰轰烈烈的一生，即将就此展开。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

此诗是诗人十八岁时所作，为光绪八年（1882）。此年春，诗人从浏阳起身，往其父亲谭继洵任职地甘肃兰州。途经潼关，诗人被眼前雄伟壮丽的景色所深深吸引，由衷写出了这首赞美之诗。《潼关》是清末政治家、诗人谭嗣同创作的一首七言绝句。此诗首句写潼关雄踞山腰，下临黄河，形势十分险要；次句写作者行经此地，马蹄声声，被秋风吹散，点明时间和旅程；三、四句写黄河浩浩荡荡以及潼关境域内的山峦起伏。全诗豪迈奔放，写景与言情巧妙结合，含蓄又生动。诗的首句以一种远景式的遥望，展现潼关一带苍茫雄浑的气象。紧接着，第二句以轻捷、有力的笔调，将“秋风”“马蹄声”引入诗中，不但以听觉形象补充了前一句所造成的视觉形象，进一步渲染出潼关一带独具的氛围，而且打破了原先画面的静态，给全诗增添了一种动感。对于久处书斋的文弱书生来说，萧瑟秋风也许是惹人伤感的凄凉之物，但对胸怀大志，亦文亦武的诗人来说，秋风中那矫健的马蹄声却更能催动豪情。他在壮阔的天地间策马驰骋，感到欣喜，感到痛快，感到精神上的极大的自由。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

第三、四句，这两句诗形象地表现了诗人渴望冲决罗网、勇往直前、追求个性解放的心态。

描绘了北方辽远而壮阔的景象。表现了作者渴望冲破罗网、勇往直前、追求个性解放的少年意气。

赏析

此诗首句写潼关雄踞山腰，下临黄河，形势十分险要；次句写作者行经此地，马蹄声声，被秋风吹散，点明时间和旅程；三、四句写黄河浩浩荡荡以及潼关境域内的山峦起伏。全诗豪迈奔放，写景与言情巧妙结合，含蓄又生动。诗的首句以一种远景式的遥望，展现潼关一带苍茫雄浑的气象。紧接着，第二句以轻捷、有力的笔调，将“秋风”“马蹄声”引入诗中，不但以听觉形象补充了前一句所造成的视觉形象，进一步渲染出潼关一带独具的氛围，而且打破了原先画面的静态，给全诗增添了一种动感。对于久处书斋的文弱书生来说，萧瑟秋风也许是惹人伤感的凄凉之物，但对胸怀大志，亦文亦武的诗人... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

谭嗣同（1865—1898），字复生，号壮飞，汉族，湖南浏阳人，是中国近代资产阶级著名的政治家、思想家，维新志士。少时师从欧阳中鹄，后加入维新派。他主张中国要强盛，只有发展民族工商业，学习西方资产阶级的政治制度。公开提出废科举、兴学校、开矿藏、修铁路、办工厂、改官制等变法维新的主张。写文章抨击清政府的卖国投降政策。1898年参加领导戊戌变法，失败后被杀，年仅三十三岁，为“戊戌六君子”之一。代表作品《仁学》、《寥天一阁文》、《莽苍苍斋诗》、《远遗堂集外文》等。百科详情>>

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