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行军九日思长安故园

【作者】岑参【朝代】唐

拼音

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qiáng

强

yù

欲

dēng

登

gāo

高

qù

去

，

wú

无

rén

人

sòng

送

jiǔ

酒

lái

来

。

yáo

遥

lián

怜

gù

故

yuán

园

jú

菊

，

yīng

应

bàng

傍

zhàn

战

chǎng

场

kāi

开

。

强欲登高去，无人送酒来。

勉强地想要按照习俗去登高饮酒，可惜再没有像王弘那样的人把酒送来。

遥怜故园菊，应傍战场开。

怜惜远方长安故园中的菊花，这时应正寂寞地在战场旁边盛开。

强欲登高去，无人送酒来。
遥怜故园菊，应傍战场开。

标签:

情感思乡节日重阳节场景动植物菊花登高

出自部编版七年级上《课外古诗词诵读》

《夜上受降城闻笛》《夜雨寄北》《秋词（其一）》《峨眉山月歌》《江南逢李龟年》《十一月四日风雨大作》《潼关》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

勉强地想要按照习俗去登高饮酒，可惜再没有像王弘那样的人把酒送来。
怜惜远方长安故园中的菊花，这时应正寂寞地在战场旁边盛开。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

①九日：指九月九日重阳节。
②强：勉强。
③登高：重阳节有登高赏菊饮酒以避灾祸的风俗。
④怜：可怜。
⑤傍：靠近、接近。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

古人在九月九日重阳节有登高饮菊花酒的习俗，王维说“独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲”。但这单纯的思亲情绪毕竟围绕一己的身世，境界算不得宽阔。岑参这首诗则不然。首句“登高”二字就紧扣题目中的“九日”，点明了诗文写作的时间。劈头一个“强”字，是不愿为之而又不得不为之的心态体现，表现了诗人在战乱中的凄清景况。“登高去”，还见出逢场作戏的味道，而前面冠以“强欲”二字，其含意便深刻得多了，表现出强烈的无可奈何的情绪。重阳节大家都喜欢登高，而诗人却说勉强想去登高，透着些凄凉之意，不知这是为何。结合题目“思长安故园”来看，诗人是流露出浓郁的思乡情绪。岑参是南阳人，但久居长安，故称长安为“故园”。但长安不仅是故园，更是国家的都城，而它竟被安、史乱军所占领。在这种特定情境之下，诗人就很难有心思去过重阳节，去登高胜赏了。典型的环境，使诗人登高时的心情愈趋复杂：既思故园，更思帝都，既伤心，更感慨，两种感情交汇撞击着他的心房。第二句化用陶渊明的典故。既是“登高”，诗人自然联想到饮酒、赏菊。据《南史·隐逸传》记载：陶渊明有一次过重阳节，没有酒喝，就在宅边的菊花丛中独自闷坐了很久。后来正好王弘送酒来了，才醉饮而归。此句承前句而来，衔接自然，写得明白如话，虽然巧用典故，却无矫揉造作之感，使人不觉是用典，达到了前人提出的“用事”的最高要求：“用事不使人觉，若胸臆语也”（邢邵语），所以能引起读者的联想和猜测：不知造成“无人送酒来”的原因是什么。其实这里反用其意，是说自己虽然也想勉强地按照习俗去登高饮酒，可是在战乱中，没有像王弘那样的人来送酒助兴，共度佳节。所以，“无人送酒来”句，实际上是在写旅况的凄凉萧瑟，无酒可饮，更无菊可赏，暗寓着题中“行军”的特定环境。第三句写诗人在佳节之际想到了长安家园。开头一个“遥”字，是渲染自己和故园长安相隔之远，烘托了诗人深切的思乡之情。接着诗人将对亲朋好友思念的感情，浓缩到了“故园菊”上。“怜”字，不仅写出诗人对故乡之菊的眷恋，更写出诗人对故园之菊开在战场上的长长叹息，百般怜惜。他想到故园今日黄花堆积的情景，只能遥遥寄去一片深沉的乡情。作者写思乡，没有泛泛地笼统地写，而是特别强调思念、怜惜长安故园的菊花。这样写，不仅以个别代表一般，以“故园菊”代表整个故园长安，显得形象鲜明，具体可感；而且这是由登高饮酒的叙写自然发展而来的，是由上述陶渊明因无酒而闷坐菊花丛中的典故引出的联想，具有重阳节的节日特色。所以，诗人在此选择“菊”这个意象非常自然，再次呼应了题目中的“九日”，又点出“长安故园”，切时切地，紧扣诗题，也使整首诗渲染上了浓郁的节日气氛。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

唐玄宗天宝十四载（755年），安禄山起兵叛乱，次年长安被攻陷。唐肃宗至德二载（757年）二月肃宗由彭原行军至凤翔，岑参随行。这首诗原有小注说：“时未收长安”。九月唐军收复长安，此诗可能是当年重阳节在凤翔写的。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

岑参（公元715—770年）。

唐江陵人。

太宗时功臣岑文本孙。

天宝三年进士。八年至安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记，后又随封常清至北庭任安西北庭节度判官。

至德二载与杜甫等五人授右补阙。后出任嘉州刺史。大历五年卒於成都。工诗，长于七言歌行。

现存者三百六十首。对边塞风光、军旅生活以及少数民族的文化风俗有亲切的感受，故其边塞诗尤多佳作。

风格与高适相近，后人多并称岑高。有《岑嘉州诗》七卷。!

赏析

唐代以九月九日重阳节登高为题材的好诗不少，并且各有特点。岑参的这首五绝，表现的不是一般的节日思乡，而是对国事的忧虑和对战乱中人民疾苦的关切。表面看来写得平直朴素，实际构思精巧，情韵无限，是一首言简意深、耐人寻味的抒情佳作。
这首诗的原注说：“时未收长安。”唐天宝十四载（755）安禄山起兵叛乱，次年长安被攻陷。至德二载（757）二月肃宗由彭原行军至凤翔，岑参随行。九月唐军收复长安，诗可能是该年重阳节在凤翔写的。岑参是南阳人，但久居长安，故称长安为“故园”。
古人在九月九日重阳节有登高饮菊花酒的习俗，首句“登高”二字... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

岑参（cén shēn）（约715年—770年），汉族，南阳新野（今河南省南阳市新野县），唐代著名的边塞诗人。岑参10岁左右父亲去世，家境日趋困顿。他从兄属学，九岁属文。十五岁山居嵩颖，刻苦学习，遍读经史，奠定学业基础。20岁至长安（今陕西西安），献书求仕无成，奔走京洛（今河南洛阳），漫游河朔。天宝三载（744），登进士第，授右内率府兵曹参军。及第前曾作《感旧赋》，叙述家世沦替和个人坎坷。天宝八载，充安西四镇节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记，初次出塞，满怀报国壮志，在戎马中开拓前程，但未得意。天宝十载，回长安，与李白、杜甫、高适等同游梁宋（今河南开封、商丘一带），深受启迪。十三载，又充安西北庭节度使封常清判官，再次出塞，报国立功之情更切，边塞诗名作大多成于此时。安史乱起，岑参东归勤王，杜甫等推荐他为右补阙。由于“频上封章，指述权佞”（杜确《岑嘉州诗集序》），乾元二年（759）改任起居舍人。不满一月，贬谪虢州长史。后又任太子中允、虞部、库部郎中，出为嘉州刺史，因此人称“岑嘉州”。罢官后，东归不成，作《招北客文》自悼。客死成都舍。享年56岁。岑参诗歌富有浪漫主义的特色，气势雄伟，想象丰富，色彩瑰丽，热情奔放，尤其擅长七言歌行。现存诗403首，七十多首边塞诗，另有《感旧赋》一篇，《招北客文》一篇，墓铭两篇。百科详情>>

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