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【作者】《诗经·邶风》【朝代】先秦

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天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在露水中？天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在泥浆中？

式微，式微，胡不归？

天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？

微君之故，胡为乎中露？

如果不是为君主，何以还在露水中？

式微，式微，胡不归？

天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？

微君之躬，胡为乎泥中？

如果不是为君主，何以还在泥浆中？

式微式微，胡不归？微君之故，胡为乎中露？式微，式微，胡不归？微君之躬，胡为乎泥中？

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诗经

出自部编版八年级下《课外古诗词诵读》

《卜算子·黄州定慧院寓居作》《卜算子·咏梅》《题破山寺后禅院》《子衿》《送杜少府之任蜀州》《送友人》《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在露水中？天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在泥浆中？

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

⑴式：作语助词。微：（日光）衰微，黄昏或曰天黑。
⑵微：非。微君：要不是君主。
⑶中露：露中。倒文以协韵。
⑷躬：身体。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《式微》是一首先秦时代的诗歌，采用反问、隐语、互文等多种修辞方式，情感表达宛转而有情致。重章换字，押韵和谐。兼有长短的句式，节奏感强，韵律和谐优美，用词异常精巧。式微也成为后世诗歌中常用的意象，对后世古典诗歌有着深远的影响。全诗只有短短二章，都以“式微，式微，胡不归”起调：天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？诗人紧接着便交待了原因：“微君之故，胡为乎中露”；“微君之躬，胡为乎泥中”。意思是说，为了君主的事情，为了养活他们的贵体，才不得不终年累月、昼夜不辍地在露水和泥浆中奔波劳作。然而，《式微》诗上下二章只变换了两处文字，但就在这巧妙的变换中，体现出了作者用词的独具匠心。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

相传中国周代设有采诗之官，每年春天，摇着木铎深入民间收集民间歌谣，把能够反映人民欢乐疾苦的作品，整理后交给太师（负责音乐之官）谱曲，演唱给天子听，作为施政的参考。这首《式微》即是深刻的反应了社会现实的诗歌。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

这首诗以设问起笔，表达了怎样的感情？这首诗以设问强化语言效果。从全诗看，“式微式微，胡不归”，并不是有疑而问，而是胸中早有定论的故意设问。诗人遭受统治者的压迫，夜以继日地在野外干活，有家不能回，苦不堪言，自然要倾吐心中的牢骚不平。

这首诗在句式方面有何特点？这首诗重章换字，押韵和谐，凝练的语言，兼有长短的句式，节奏感强

有何作用？体现了一唱三叹、余味无穷的特色。

赏析

关于此诗主旨，《毛诗序》说是黎侯为狄所逐，流亡于卫，其臣作此劝他归国刘向《列女传·贞顺篇》说是卫侯之女嫁黎国庄公，却不为其所纳，有人劝以归，她则“终执贞一，不违妇道，以俟君命”，并赋此诗以明志。二说均牵强附会，因为无论是实指黎侯或黎庄妇人，都缺乏史实佐证。余冠英认为“这是苦于劳役的人所发的怨声”（《诗经选》），乃最切诗旨。
诗凡二章，都以“式微，式微，胡不归”起调：天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？诗人紧接着便交待了原因：“微君之故，胡为乎中露”；“微君之躬，胡为乎泥中”。意思是说，为了君主的事情，为了养活他们的贵体，才不... 古诗文网>>

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