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长沙过贾谊宅

【作者】刘长卿【朝代】唐

拼音

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三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲。
秋草独寻人去后，寒林空见日斜时。
汉文有道恩犹薄，湘水无情吊岂知？
寂寂江山摇落处，怜君何事到天涯！

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情感唐诗三百首迁谪怀古生活

出自部编版九年级上《课外古诗词诵读》

《咸阳城东楼》《商山早行》《行香子》《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》《月夜忆舍弟》《无题》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

贾谊被贬在此地居住三年，可悲遭遇千万代令人伤情。
我在秋草中寻觅人迹不在，寒林里空见夕阳缓缓斜倾。
汉文帝重才恩德尚且淡薄，湘江水无意凭吊有谁知情？
寂寞冷落深山里落叶纷纷，可怜你不知因何天涯飘零？

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

⑴贾谊：西汉文帝时政治家、文学家。后被贬为长沙王太傅，长沙有其故址。
⑵谪宦：贬官。栖迟：淹留。像鸟儿那样的敛翅歇息，飞不起来。
⑶楚客：流落在楚地的客居，指贾谊。长沙旧属楚地，故有此称。一作“楚国”。
⑷独：一作“渐”。
⑸汉文：指汉文帝。
⑹摇落处：一作“正摇落”。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

诗人将暗讽的笔触曲折地指向当今皇上，手法是相当高妙的。接着，笔锋一转，写出了这一联的对句“湘水无情吊岂知”。这也是颇得含蓄之妙的。湘水无情，流去了多少年光。楚国的屈原哪能知道上百年后，贾谊会来到湘水之滨吊念自己；西汉的贾谊更想不到近千年后的刘长卿又会迎着萧瑟的秋风来凭吊自己的遗址。后来者的心曲，恨不起古人于地下来倾听，当世更没有人能理解。诗人由衷地在寻求知音，那种抑郁无诉、徒呼负负的心境，刻画得十分动情，十分真切。“寂寂江山摇落处，怜君何事到天涯！”读此尾联的出句，好像刘长卿就站在读者面前。他在宅前徘徊，暮色更浓了，江山更趋寂静。一阵秋风掠过，黄叶纷纷飘落，在枯草上乱舞。这幅荒村日暮图，正是刘长卿活动的典型环境。它象征着当时国家的衰败局势，与第四句的“日斜时”映衬照应，加重了诗篇的时代气息和感情色彩。“君”，既指代贾谊，也指代刘长卿自己；“怜君”，不仅是怜人，更是怜己。“何事到天涯”，可见二人原本不应该放逐到天涯。这里的弦外音是：我和您都是无罪的呵，为什么要受到这样严厉的惩罚！这是对强加在他们身上的不合理现实的强烈控诉。读着这故为设问的结尾，仿佛看到了诗人抑制不住的泪水，听到了诗人一声声伤心哀惋的叹喟。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

首联“三年谪宦”，只落得“万古”留悲，上下句意钩连相生，呼应紧凑，给人以抑郁沉重的悲凉之感。“颔联是围绕题中的“过”字展开描写的。“秋草”，“寒林”，“人去”，“日斜”，渲染出故宅一片萧条冷落的景色，而在这样的氛围中，诗人还要去“独寻”，一种景仰向慕、寂寞兴叹的心情，油然而生。寒林日斜，不仅是眼前所见，也是贾谊当时的实际处境，也正是李唐王朝危殆形势的写照。颈联从贾谊的见疏，隐隐联系到自己。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

颔联通过对“人去后”、“日斜时”的“秋草”、“寒林”等景物的描写，渲染了长沙贾谊故宅的萧条、冷落、寂寥的氛围，烘托了作者孤独、寂寞的心境，为下文抒发感慨做铺垫。

本诗借古伤今，借贾谊被逐长沙之事，表现自己无罪被贬的悲愤和痛苦，对不合理的社会现实健行了强烈的控诉。

颔联通过对“秋草”“寒林”和“人去”“日斜”等景象的描写，以及作者的“独寻”“空见”，渲染出一种萧条，凄怆的氛围。

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作者介绍

刘长卿，唐河间（现属河北）人，一说宣城（现属安徽）人，河间为其郡望，字文房。玄宗天宝进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。刘长卿生卒年未确论，各名家说法相差甚远，综合看来约生于709-725年间，逝于786-790年左右。刘长卿工于诗，长于五言，自称“五言长城”。《骚坛秘语》有谓：刘长卿最得骚人之兴，专主情景。名作《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》入选中国全日制学校教材。百科详情>>

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