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醉翁操·琅然

【作者】苏轼【朝代】宋

拼音

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琅琊幽谷，山水奇丽，泉鸣空涧，若中音会，醉翁喜之，把酒临听，辄欣然忘归。既去十余年，而好奇之士沈遵闻之往游，以琴写其声，曰《醉翁操》，节奏疏宕而音指华畅，知琴者以为绝伦。然有其声而无其辞。翁虽为作歌，而与琴声不合。又依《楚词》作《醉翁引》，好事者亦倚其辞以制曲。虽粗合韵度而琴声为词所绳的，非天成也。后三十余年，翁既捐馆舍，遵亦没久矣。有庐山玉涧道人崔闲，特妙于琴，恨此曲之无词，乃谱其声，而请于东坡居士以补之云。
琅然，清圆，谁弹，响空山。无言，惟翁醉中知其天。月明风露娟娟，人未眠。荷蒉过山前，曰有心也哉此贤。
醉翁啸咏，声和流泉。醉翁去后，空有朝吟夜怨。山有时而童颠，水有时而回川。思翁无岁年，翁今为飞仙。此意在人间，试听徽外三两弦。

标签:

乐曲

译文注释

欧阳修在滁州游琅琊幽谷，飞瀑鸣泉，声若环佩。美妙动人，乐而忘归，写了篇《醉翁亭记》，脍炙人口，当时就刻石立了碑。沈遵特意跑到滁州探访，见那琅琊山水确如醉翁妙笔所绘，就动了兴致，以琴寄趣，创作了一支宫声三叠的琴曲《醉翁吟》（即《醉翁操琅然》）。沈遵寻了个机会为欧阳修亲自弹奏此曲，欧阳修听了很高兴。并应沈的请求为该曲作了词。欧词自是大手笔，“然调不主声，为知琴者所惜。”调不主声就是唱不出来。沈遵的《醉翁吟》传开之后，引起了很多人的兴趣，不但争传《醉翁吟》琴曲，连欧阳修所作《醉翁吟》歌词，也有好事者纷纷为其谱琴曲，但都不理想。冥冥中似乎在等待着什么机缘，一晃三十多年过去，欧阳修、沈遵相继去世，庐山玉涧道人崔闲还惦记着这件事。崔闲精通琴曲，曾拜沈遵为师。他非常喜欢此曲，“常恨此曲无词，乃谱其声，请于东坡居士。”苏轼贬谪黄州期间，崔闲多次从庐山前往拜访。一次他揣着《醉翁吟》的曲谱登门，请东坡填词。苏轼不但文高妙，而且精通音律，听明来意，欣然应允。于是乎，崔闲弹，东坡听，边听边谱词，不大一会儿就完成了。

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译文注释

（1）琅琊：山名。在今安徽滁县西南。欧阳修《醉翁亭记》：“环滁皆山也，其西南诸峰。林壑尤美。望之蔚然而深秀者，琅邪也。”
（2）幽谷：幽深的山谷。
（3）若中音会：好像与音乐的节奏自然吻合。
（4）醉翁：欧阳修的号。见《水调歌头》（昵昵儿女语）注。
（5）沈遵：欧阳修《醉翁吟》：“余作醉翁亭于滁州。太常博士沈遵，好奇之士也。闻而往游焉。爱其山水，归而以琴写之。作《醉翁吟》三叠。”
（6）绝伦：无与伦比。
（7）绳约：束缚，限制。
（8）捐馆舍：死亡的婉称。《战国策·赵策》：“今奉阳君捐馆舍。”鲍彪注：“礼：妇人死日捐馆舍。盏亦通称。”按欧阳修卒子熙宁五年（1072）。
（9）琅然：象声词。响亮的样子。
（10）清圜：清新圆润。
（11）娟娟：美好的样子。杜甫《狂夫》：“风含翠篆娟娟静，雨渑红蕖冉冉香。”
（12）荷蒉过山前，曰有心也哉此贤：《论语·宪问》：“子击磐于卫，有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者。曰：“有心哉，击磐乎！”荷蒉：背着草筐，此喻懂得音乐的隐士。
（13）醉翁啸咏，声和流泉：谓欧阳修吟咏之声跟山间泉水之声相应。
（14）童颠：山顶光秃。《释名·释长幼》：“山无草木日童。”
（15）回川：漩涡。李白《蜀道难》：“下有冲波逆折之回川。”
（16）思翁无岁年：谓思念醉翁无时或释。无岁年，不论岁月。
（17）徽：琴徽，系弦的绳。《汉书·扬雄传》：“今夫弦者，高张急徽。”注：“徽，琴徽也。所以表发抚抑之处。”后世多指琴面十三个指示音节的标志为徽。此句谓试听弦外之音。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

这是琴曲，属正宫苏轼词集原不载。同时郭祥玉效作一首。序云：“予甥以子瞻所作《醉翁操》见寄，未以为工也。倚其声作之。”此后辛弃疾作一首，始编入集中，即正式沿用为词调。又楼钥二首，其一和苏氏韵。宋人所作，合五首。双凋，九十一字。上片十句十平韵，下片十句八平韵。
苏轼此词就是专门为琴曲《醉翁操》这一天生绝妙之曲而谱写的。由于时代变迁，琴曲《醉翁操》原来是有其声而无其辞，此后乐谱失传，却变成有其辞而无其声。现传苏轼所作词，是否得其天籁，这就只能从语言文字中加以揣摩。
这首词上片，状写流泉之自然声响及其感人效果。“琅然。清... 古诗文网>>

此作是为琴曲《醉翁操》所谱写的一首词。醉翁，即欧阳修。《醉翁操》，是太常博士沈遵据欧公庆历中谪守滁州时在琅琊幽谷所闻天籁之声，以琴写之，谱制而成的琴曲。苏轼此词，即是专门为这一天生绝妙之曲谱写的。词中写鸣泉及其和声，能将无形之声写得真实可感，足见词人对于大自然造化之工的深切体验。
词的上片写流泉之自然声响及其感人效果。“琅然，清圆，谁弹，响空山 ”。四句为鸣泉飞瀑之所谓声若环佩，创造出一个美好意境。琅然，乃玉声。《楚辞·九歌》曰：“抚长剑兮玉珥，璆锵鸣兮琳琅。”此用以状流泉之声响。清圆两字，这里是用来说泉声的清越圆转。... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

苏轼（1037年1月8日－1101年8月24日），字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，世称“苏东坡”。汉族，眉州人。北宋诗人、词人，宋代文学家，是豪放派词人的主要代表之一，“唐宋八大家”之一。在政治上属于旧党，但也有改革弊政的要求。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，其诗题材广泛，内容丰富，现存诗3900余首。代表作品有《水调歌头·中秋》、《赤壁赋》、《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》、《记承天寺夜游》等。百科详情>>

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