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回乡偶书二首·其一

【作者】贺知章【朝代】唐

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译文

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shào
少
xiǎo
小
lí
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jiā
家
lǎo
老
dà
大
huí
回
，

xiāng
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音
wú
无
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改
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鬓
máo
毛
shuāi
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。

ér

儿

tóng

童

xiāng

相

jiàn

见

bù

不

xiāng

相

shí

识

，

xiào

笑

wèn

问

kè

客

cóng

从

hé

何

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处

lái

来

。

我在年少时离开家乡，到了迟暮之年才回来。我的乡音虽未改变，但鬓角的毛发却已经疏落。儿童们看见我，没有一个认识的。他们笑着询问：这客人是从哪里来的呀？

少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰。

我在年少时离开家乡，到了迟暮之年才回来。我的乡音虽未改变，但鬓角的毛发却已经疏落。

儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来。

儿童们看见我，没有一个认识的。他们笑着询问：这客人是从哪里来的呀？

少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰。
儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来。

标签:

小学古诗情感思乡唐诗三百首感慨伤老

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

(1)偶书：随便写的。偶：说明诗写作得很偶然，是随时有所见、有所感就写下来的。(2)少小离家：贺知章三十七岁中进士，在此以前就离开家乡。(3)老大：年纪大了。贺知章回乡时已年逾八十。(4)乡音：家乡的口音。(5)无改：没什么变化。一作“难改”。(6)鬓毛衰：指鬓毛减少，疏落。鬓毛：额角边靠近耳朵的头发。一作“面毛”。衰：减少，疏落。(7)相见：即看见我。相：带有指代性的副词。(8)不相识：即不认识我。(9)笑问：一本作“却问”，一本作“借问”。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

一首是久客异乡、缅怀故里的感怀诗，写于初来乍到之时，抒写久客伤老之情。就全诗来看，一二句尚属平平，三四句却似峰回路转，别有境界。后两句的妙处在于背面敷粉，了无痕迹：虽写哀情，却借欢乐场面表现；虽为写己，却从儿童一面翻出。而所写儿童问话的场面又极富于生活的情趣，即使读者不为诗人久客伤老之情所感染，也不能不被这一饶有趣味的生活场景所打动。第二首可看作是第一首的续篇。诗人到家以后，通过与亲朋的交谈得知家乡人事的种种变化，在叹息久客伤老之余，又不免发出人事无常的慨叹来。“离别家乡岁月多”，相当于上一首的“少小离家老大回”。诗人之不厌其烦重复这同一意思，无非是因为一切感慨莫不是由于数十年背井离乡引起。所以下一句即顺势转出有关人事的议论：“近来人事半消磨。”三四句笔墨荡开，诗人的目光从人事变化转到了对自然景物的描写上。虽然阔别镜湖已有数十个年头，而在四围春色中镜湖的水波却一如既往。诗人独立镜湖之旁，一种“物是人非”的感触自然涌上了他的心头，于是又写下了“惟有门前镜湖水，春风不改旧时波”的诗句。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

贺知章在唐玄宗天宝三载，辞去朝廷官职，告老返回故乡越州永兴。虽然乡音并没有多大的改变但是两鬓却已经花白了。村子里的儿童在路边玩耍，全部都不认识他，一脸天真的问到客到底从哪儿来。离别家乡已经有几十个年头了，近来很多的人和事细细想来都已经消失不见了。回到老家，很多人和事都已经改变。唯有家门前的湖水，春风吹拂下泛起一圈圈的波澜，还和很多年前一样。当时的贺知章已经八十多岁，五十多年没回家乡了。五十年，所有都已经物是人非。人生易老，世事沧桑，贺知章心头有无限感慨，于是写下了这组诗。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

乡音：家乡的口音。无改：没什么变化。一作“难改”。鬓毛：额角边靠近耳朵的头发。一作“面毛”。衰（cuī）：减少，疏落。鬓毛衰：指鬓毛减少，疏落。

相见：即看见我；相：带有指代性的副词。不相识：即不认识我。

笑问：一本作“却问”，一本作“借问”。

消磨：逐渐消失、消除。

赏析

这是一首久客异乡、缅怀故里的感怀。写于初来乍到之时，抒写久客伤老之情。在第一、二句中，诗人置身于故乡熟悉而又陌生的环境之中，一路迤逦行来，心情颇不平静：当年离家，风华正茂；今日返归，鬓毛疏落，不禁感慨系之。首句用“少小离家”与“老大回”的句中自对，概括写出数十年久客他乡的事实，暗寓自伤“老大”之情。次句以“鬓毛衰”顶承上句，具体写出自己的“老大”之态，并以不变的“乡音”映衬变化了的“鬓毛”，言下大有“我不忘故乡，故乡可还认得我吗”之意，从而为唤起下两句儿童不相识而发问作好铺垫。
三四句从充满感慨的一幅自画像，转而为富于戏... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

贺知章（公元659年－744年），字季真，晚年自号四明狂客，汉族，唐朝越州永兴（今浙江省萧山市）人，少时就以诗文知名。唐武后（武则天）证圣元年（695）中乙未科状元，授予国子四门博士，迁太常博士。后历任礼部侍郎、秘书监、太子宾客等职。为人旷达不羁，有“清谈风流”之誉，晚年尤纵，自号“四明狂客”、“秘书外监”。八十六岁告老还乡，旋逝。属于盛唐前期诗人，又是著名书法家。作品大多散佚，现仅存二十首。贺知章诗文以绝句见长，除祭神乐章、应制诗外，其写景、抒怀之作风格独特，清新潇洒，著名的《咏柳》、《回乡偶书》两首脍炙人口，千古传诵，作品大多散佚，今尚存录入《全唐诗》共19首。百科详情>>

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