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满江红（小住京华）

【作者】秋瑾【朝代】清

拼音

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小住京华，早又是中秋佳节。为篱下黄花开遍，秋容如拭。
四面歌残终破楚，八年风味徒思浙。
苦将侬强派作蛾眉，殊未屑！
身不得，男儿列。心却比，男儿烈！
算平生肝胆，因人常热。俗子胸襟谁识我？英雄末路当磨折。
莽红尘何处觅知音？青衫湿！

标签:

豪放壮志抒怀情感

出自部编版九年级下《词四首》

《渔家傲·秋思》《江城子·密州出猎》《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

"我在京城小住时日，转眼间就又到了中秋佳节。篱笆下面的菊花都已盛开，秋色明净，就像刚刚擦洗过一般。四面的歌声渐歇，我也终如汉之破楚，突破了家庭的牢笼，如今一个人思量着在浙江时那八年的生活况味。他们苦苦地想让我做一个贵妇人，其实，我是多么的不屑啊！
今生我虽然不能身为男子，加入他们的行列。但是我的心，要比男子的心还要刚烈。想想平日，我的一颗心，常为别人而热。那些俗人，心胸狭窄，怎么能懂我呢？英雄在无路可走的时候，难免要经受磨难挫折。在这莽莽红尘之中，哪里才能觅到知音呢？眼泪打湿了我的衣襟。"

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

满江红：词牌名。唐朝名《上江虹》，后改今名。
小住京华：到京不久。小住，暂时居住。京华，京城的美称，这里指北京。
秋容如拭：秋色明净，就像刚刚擦洗过一般。
四面歌残终破楚：列强逼近，中国前途危殆。此处用《史记·项羽本纪》“夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，项王乃大惊”故事。
八年风味徒思浙：八年来空想着故乡浙江的风味。八年，作者光绪二十二年（1896）在湖南结婚，到作词时恰好八年。徒，空，徒然。
苦将侬：苦苦地让我。
蛾眉：美女的代称，这里指女子。
殊未屑：仍然不放在心上。殊，还，仍然。未，不。屑，顾惜，介意。
烈：刚正，不轻易屈服。
因人常热：为别人而屡屡激动。热，激动。
末路：路途的终点，比喻失意潦倒或没有前途的境地。
莽（mǎng）：广大。
青衫湿：失意伤心。用唐白居易《琵琶行》“座中泣下谁最多？江州司马青衫湿”义。青衫，唐代文官八品、九品服以青，为官职最低的服色。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这首词是言志之作，表达了作者匡国济世的凌云志向。1903年中秋节，秋瑾与丈夫王子芳发生冲突，从家出走，寓居北京阜城门外泰顺客栈，后由吴芝瑛出面调解，而秋瑾下决心冲破家庭牢笼，投身革命。不久即东渡日本留学。词的上片写与王廷均结婚八年，表面上过着富贵人的生活，实际上是“奴仆不如”的生活，如今与其决裂，突破家庭束缚，实现了“求自立”的愿望。“苦将侬，强派作蛾眉”进一步说明表面上过着贵妇人的生活，实则奴仆不如的“八年风味”。“殊未屑”表明作者对贵妇人的生活，并不留恋，相反加以蔑视。上片主要表达了作者自己初离家庭时的矛盾心情，别具匠心。词的下片写词人虽有凌云壮志，但知音难觅，不觉泪湿衣襟。作者平日虽以肝胆相照，真诚恳切，但不为世俗所了解，因此生活中常受折磨。离家以后，在大千世界中，不知去何处去寻找知音。找不到知音，又将会受折磨。想到这一点，作者不觉伤心落泪，也是很自然的。这种担心和忧虑，真实地反映了一个革命者刚踏上革命征途的思想状况。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

秋瑾19岁时，嫁给湖南人王廷钧。王廷钧是一个暴发户的浮荡子弟。1898年前后王廷钧用钱捐了个户部主事的小京官，秋瑾跟随丈夫到了北京，在寓京期间她接受了新思想、新文化，并在当时的革命形势影响下，立志要挽救国家民族的危亡，要求妇女独立与解放。这是秋瑾在1903年中秋节的述怀之作，值八国联军入侵后不久，她目睹民族危机的深重和清政府的腐败，决心献身救国事业，而其丈夫无心国事。中秋节，秋瑾与丈夫王廷钧发生冲突，离家出走，寓居北京阜城门外泰顺客栈。后虽由吴芝瑛出面调解，但秋瑾下决心冲破家庭牢笼，投身革命。不久便东渡日本留学。这首词是她在中秋节的述怀之作。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

请对“四面歌残终破楚”一句作简要赏析。答：运用“四面楚歌”的典故(或使用比喻的修辞手法，写出国家四面受敌、孤立无援的困境，表达了作者对国家命运的担忧。

“身不得，男儿列，心却比，男儿烈”抒发了作者怎样的思想感情?答：抒发了作者决心比超男子，渴望投身革命、匡国济世的思想感情。

赏析相关内容

“身不得，男儿列；心却比，男儿烈！”这四句是深入浅出的鉴湖女侠的自我写照，一幅巾帼英雄的形象，生动地在我们眼前展开，她运用“身与心、列与烈”两句四字谐音和意义不同的显著变化，来表达她的抱负、志向和思想感情的转变，正是上接“苦将侬强派作蛾眉，殊未屑！”这两句进一步的思想发展。紧接着表明她是一个“算平生肝胆，因人常热”的富有感情的人，但不幸偏遇着这么一个庸夫俗子的丈夫，她为了穿着男装独自去看了一次戏，竟遭丈夫的辱打，不由她不发出“俗夫胸襟谁识我？英雄末路当磨折。莽红尘何处觅知音？青衫湿！”这样的浩叹！本来她还想得到丈夫的谅解，志同道... 古诗文网>>

赏析 相关内容

创作背景

作者：佚名

　　秋瑾18岁时，嫁给湖南人王廷钧。王廷钧是一个暴发户的浮荡子弟。1898年前后王廷钧用钱捐了个户部主事的小京官，秋瑾跟随丈夫到了北京，在寓京期... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

秋瑾（1875－1907）近代民主革命志士，原名秋闺瑾，字璇卿，号旦吾，乳名玉姑，东渡后改名瑾，字（或作别号）竞雄，自称“鉴湖女侠”，笔名秋千，曾用笔名白萍。祖籍浙江山阴（今绍兴），生于福建闽县（今福州），其蔑视封建礼法，提倡男女平等，常以花木兰、秦良玉自喻，性豪侠，习文练武，曾自费东渡日本留学。积极投身革命，先后参加过三合会、光复会、同盟会等革命组织，联络会党计划响应萍浏醴起义未果。1907年，她与徐锡麟等组织光复军，拟于7月6日在浙江、安徽同时起义，事泄被捕。7月15日从容就义于绍兴轩亭口。百科详情>>

满江红（小住京华）

创作背景

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