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寒食 / 寒食日即事

【作者】韩翃【朝代】唐

拼音

译文

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chūn

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暮春时节，长安城处处柳絮飞舞、落红无数，寒食节东风吹拂着皇家花园的柳枝。夜色降临，宫里忙着传蜡烛，袅袅炊烟散入王侯贵戚的家里。

春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。

暮春时节，长安城处处柳絮飞舞、落红无数，寒食节东风吹拂着皇家花园的柳枝。

日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。

夜色降临，宫里忙着传蜡烛，袅袅炊烟散入王侯贵戚的家里。

春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。
日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。

标签:

唐诗三百首节日目的寒食节典故讽刺数字

出自部编版六年级下《古诗三首》

《迢迢牵牛星》《十五夜望月》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

暮春时节，长安城处处柳絮飞舞、落红无数，寒食节东风吹拂着皇家花园的柳枝。夜色降临，宫里忙着传蜡烛，袅袅炊烟散入王侯贵戚的家里。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

①春城：暮春时的长安城。
②寒食：古代在清明节前两天的节日，焚火三天，只吃冷食，所以称寒食。御柳：御苑之柳，皇城中的柳树。
③汉宫：这里指唐朝皇官。传蜡烛：寒食节普天下禁火，但权贵宠臣可得到皇帝恩赐而得到燃烛。《唐辇下岁时记》“清明日取榆柳之火以赐近臣”。
④五侯：汉成帝时封王皇后的五个兄弟王谭、王商、王立、王根、王逢时皆为候，受到特别的恩宠。这里泛指天子近幸之臣。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

“春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。”诗人立足高远，视野宽阔，全城景物，尽在望中。“春城”一语，高度凝炼而华美。“春”是自然节候，城是人间都邑，这两者的结合，呈现出无限美好的景观。“无处不飞花”，是诗人抓住的典型画面。春意浓郁，笼罩全城。诗人不说“处处飞花”，因为那只流于一般性的概括，而说是“无处不飞花”，这双重否定的句式极大加强了肯定的语气，有效地烘托出全城皆已沉浸于浓郁春意之中的盛况。诗人不说“无处不开花”，而说“无处不飞花”，除了“飞”字的动态强烈，有助于表现春天的勃然生机外，还说明了诗人在描写时序时措辞是何等精密。“飞花”，就是落花随风飞舞。这是典型的暮春景色。不说“落花”而说“飞花”，这是明写花而暗写风。一个“飞”字，蕴意深远。可以毫不夸张地说，这首诗能传诵千古，主要是其中的警句“春城无处不飞花”，而这一句诗中最能耀人眼目者，就在一个“飞”字。“寒食东风御柳斜”，春风吹遍全城，自然也吹入御苑。苑中垂柳也随风飘动起来了。风是无形无影的，它的存在，只能由花之飞，柳之斜来间接感知。照此说来，一个“斜”字也是间接地写风。诗的前两句写的是白昼，后两句则是写夜晚：“日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。”“日暮”就是傍晚。“汉宫”是借古讽今，实指唐朝的皇宫。“五侯”一般指东汉时，同日封侯的五个外戚。这里借汉喻唐，暗指中唐以来受皇帝宠幸、专权跋扈的外戚。这两句是说寒食节这天家家都不能生火点灯，但皇宫却例外，天还没黑，宫里就忙着分送蜡烛，除了皇宫，贵近宠臣也可得到这份恩典。诗中用“传”与“散”生动地画出了一幅夜晚走马传烛图，使人如见蜡烛之光，如闻轻烟之味。寒食禁火，是我国沿袭已久的习俗，但权贵大臣们却可以破例地点蜡烛。诗人对这种腐败的政治现象做出委婉的讽刺。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

　唐代制度，到清明这天，皇帝宣旨取榆柳之火赏赐近臣。这仪式用意有二：一是标志着寒食节已结束，可以用火了；二是借此给臣子官吏们提个醒，让大家向有功也不受禄的介子推学习。中唐以后，几任昏君都宠幸宦官，以致他们的权势很大，败坏朝政，排斥朝官。有意见认为此诗正是因此而发。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

韩翃，唐代诗人。字君平，南阳（今河南南阳）人。建中年间，因作《寒食》诗被唐德宗所赏识，因而被提拔为中书舍人。韩翃诗笔法轻巧，写景别致，在当时传诵很广。

春城：暮春时的长安城。

这首诗善于选取典型的题材，引用贴切的典故对外戚得宠专权的腐败现象进行讽刺。

寒食：古代在清明节前两天的节日，禁火三天，只吃冷食，所以称寒食。

赏析相关内容

开头一句“春城无处不飞花”。“春城”指春天里的都城长安。“飞花”即花瓣纷纷飘落，点明暮春季节。“无处不”，用双重否定构成肯定，进而写出整个长安柳絮飞舞，落红无数的迷人春景。第二句“寒食东风御柳斜”是写皇宫园林中的风光。“御柳”是指御苑里的柳树。当时风俗寒食日折柳插门，清明这天皇帝还要降旨取榆柳之火赏赐近臣，以示恩宠。所以人在无限的春光中特地剪取随东风飘拂的“御柳”。
诗的前两句写的是白昼，后两句则是写夜晚：“日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。”“日暮”就是傍晚。“汉宫”是借古讽今，实指唐朝的皇宫。“五侯”一般指东汉时，同日... 古诗文网>>

赏析 相关内容

创作背景

作者：佚名

　　寒食是中国古代一个传统节日，一般在冬至后一百零五天，清明前两天。古人很重视这个节日，按风俗家家禁火，只吃现成食物，故名寒食。唐代制度，到清明... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

韩翃，唐代诗人。字君平，南阳（今河南南阳）人。是“大历十才子”之一。天宝13年（754）考中进士，宝应年间在淄青节度使侯希逸幕府中任从事，后随侯希逸回朝，闲居长安十年。建中年间，因作一首《寒食》唐德宗所赏识，因而被提拔为中书舍人。韩翃的诗笔法轻巧，写景别致，在当时传诵很广泛。百科详情>>

寒食 / 寒食日即事

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