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喜迁莺·晋师胜淝上

【作者】李纲【朝代】宋

拼音

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长江千里。限南北、雪浪云涛无际。天险难逾，人谋克庄，索虏岂能吞噬。阿坚百万南牧，倏忽长驱吾地。破强敌，在谢公处画，从容颐指。
奇伟。淝水上，八千戈甲，结阵当蛇豕。鞭弭周旋，旌旗麾动，坐却北军风靡。夜闻数声鸣鹤，尽道王师将至。延晋祚，庇烝民，周雅何曾专美。

标签:

咏史怀古景色长江

注释

⑴淝：淝水，在今安徽省寿县境内。
⑵限：界。这句说，千里长江，雪浪翻滚，风起云涌，一望无际，但南北界限分明。
⑶逾：越。
⑷人谋：指大臣的谋略。
⑸索虏：南北朝时，南朝骂北朝人为索虏。吞噬：吞食。这几句说，长江的天险难以越过，而大臣的谋略又能制止强敌，北方的秦王苻坚难道能够倂吞东晋吗？
⑹阿坚：即秦王苻坚。南牧：侵占南方的土地。
⑺倏忽：极快的意思。
⑻谢公：指东晋宰相谢安，采取了积极抗敌的战略措施。
⑼颐：面颊。颐指：形容指挥进退皆如人意。
⑽八千戈甲：指晋军前锋都督谢玄等将领带精兵八千，争渡淝水，击杀秦兵。
⑾蛇豕：大猪和长蛇，比喻贪暴残害者，《左传·定公·四年》：“吴为封（大）豕长蛇，以荐食上国。“注：”言吴贪害如蛇豕。“
⑿弭：弓末梢，用骨头做的，用来助驾车者解开辔结。鞭弭：指驾车前进。周旋：辗转相从，这里是交战的意思。晋公子重耳答楚成王时，说过：“左执鞭弭“和”以与君周旋“的话。见《左传·僖公·二十三年》。
⒀麾动：这里指战旗招展。
⒁北军：秦兵。这句说，坐谈之间，北方秦国苻坚的军队顺风倒下，很快被打败。
⒂鸣鹤：即风声鹤唳。秦国军队大败后逃跑，看见八公山上的草木，以为都是东晋的士兵，路上听到风声和鹤叫的声音也以为是晋兵追来。见《晋书·谢安传》。
⒃王师：东晋的军队。
⒄晋祚：东晋的皇位。
⒅烝民：众多的百姓。
⒆周雅：指周宣王命大臣征西戎、伐猃狁（音险允，古代北方的一个民族），使周室中兴。这句说，周宣王使周室中兴的美事，并不是专有的，东晋谢安等以弱势战胜强秦，使晋朝转危为安，也是值得赞美的。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此为咏史之作。词中以历史上有名的淝水之战，借古喻今，颂扬历史英杰的丰功伟绩，期望自己能为南宋抗金大业建立功勋。词中叙事不少，也有议论，但不乏形象之生动。长江之险壮，鏖战之激烈，都写得有声有色。
上片写淝水之战的地理环境和东晋方面的运筹准备情况。开篇极写长江“天险难逾”，加之“人谋克壮”（指人的谋略宏伟远大），使北方强敌无奈我何。接着便用淝水之战的史实为证。《晋书·谢安传》记载，苻坚军队南下时，谢安领导抗击，非常镇定，处理规画很得当。前方谢玄等击败苻坚军队后，“有驿书至。安方对客围棋，看书既竟，便摄放床上，了无喜色，棋如故... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李纲（1083年－1140年），字伯纪，无锡人，祖父一辈起迁居无锡县（今江苏省无锡市）。徽宗政和二年（1112年）进士。他和赵鼎、李光、胡铨合称“南宋四名臣”。百科详情>>

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