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【作者】佚名【朝代】南北朝

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杨

liǔ

柳

zhī

枝

。

dié

蹀

zuò

座

chuī

吹

cháng

长

dí

笛

，

chóu

愁

shā

杀

xíng

行

kè

客

ér

儿

。

fù

腹

zhōng

中

chóu

愁

bù

不

lè

乐

，

yuàn

愿

zuò

作

láng

郎

mǎ

马

biān

鞭

。

chū

出

rù

入

huàn

擐

láng

郎

bì

臂

，

dié

蹀

zuò

座

láng

郎

xī

膝

biān

边

。

fàng

放

mǎ

马

liǎng

两

quán

泉

zé

泽

，

wàng

忘

bù

不

zhù

著

lián

连

jī

羁

。

dān

担

ān

鞍

zhú

逐

mǎ

马

zǒu

走

，

hé

何

jiàn

见

得

mǎ

马

qí

骑

。

yáo

遥

kàn

看

mèng

孟

jīn

津

hé

河

，

yáng

杨

liǔ

柳

yù

郁

pó

婆

suō

娑

。

wǒ

我

shì

是

lǔ

虏

jiā

家

ér

儿

，

bù

不

jiě

解

hàn

汉

ér

儿

gē

歌

。

jiàn

健

ér

儿

xū

须

kuài

快

mǎ

马

，

kuài

快

mǎ

马

xū

须

jiàn

健

ér

儿

。

bì

跸

bá

跋

huáng

黄

chén

尘

xià

下

，

rán

然

hòu

后

bié

别

xióng

雄

cí

雌

。

上马不捉鞭，反折杨柳枝。
蹀座吹长笛，愁杀行客儿。
腹中愁不乐，愿作郎马鞭。
出入擐郎臂，蹀座郎膝边。
放马两泉泽，忘不著连羁。
担鞍逐马走，何见得马骑。
遥看孟津河，杨柳郁婆娑。
我是虏家儿，不解汉儿歌。
健儿须快马，快马须健儿。
跸跋黄尘下，然后别雄雌。

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组诗古诗三百首乐府离别

译文注释

郎君上马后并不去取马背上的马鞭子，而是去折杨树和柳树上的枝条。他盘膝坐在马背上，悠闲地吹起了长笛，过往的行人听着笛声只觉愁思难忍。我现在因为浓重的愁苦而不快乐，我愿意成为郎君的马鞭。外出时牢牢地抓着郎君的胳膊，闲坐时盘膝在郎君身边。我在两泉旁的小泽处、放牧我心爱的马儿，竟然忘记了给马套上马笼头。我背着马鞍、跟随着马走，怎么不见你骑马呢？遥看孟津河一带，茂密的杨树和柳树都随风摇曳着。我是北族的儿郎，不理解汉族人写的诗歌。健儿要获胜，必须依靠骏马；但快马要显示出其善奔，亦须依靠骑术高明的健儿。一群快马哔哔啵啵地快速奔跑着、才能分出高低。

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译文注释

捉鞭：拿起马鞭。捉：抓、拿。
蹀座：偏义复词，取“座”义。蹀：行；座，同“坐”。
长笛：指当时流行北方的羌笛。
擐：系，拴。
羁：马笼头。
逐：跟随。
孟津河：指孟津处的黄河。孟津：在河南孟县南。
郁：树木茂密状。
婆娑：盘旋舞动，此指杨柳随风摇曳的样子。
虏家儿：胡儿，古代汉族对北方少数民族之贬称。
跸跋：快马飞奔时马蹄击地声。
黄尘：指快马奔跑时扬起的尘土。
别雄雌：分高低、决胜负。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

《折杨柳歌辞》，《乐府集》收入横吹曲辞梁鼓角横吹曲，共五首，内容相贯，主要为征人临行之际与其情人相互赠答之词。折杨柳是古代送别的习俗，送者、行者常折柳以为留念。
第一首是写“行客”告别亲友远行之际，“上马”理当挥鞭启程，可他却“不捉鞭”，反而探身去折一枝杨柳。柳者，留也，在古代习俗中是作为惜别的象征。这一细节，正表现出其依依惜别的心情。而此时更传来了悠悠长笛之声，岂不更令人怅惘，别情难抑！诗前三句纯用叙事代抒情，不明言离愁，而巧妙地用“柳枝”、“长笛”象征离情的事物意象作垫衬，逼出最后一句“愁杀”两字。
第二首中... 古诗文网>>

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