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解连环·孤雁

【作者】张炎【朝代】宋

拼音

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楚江空晚。怅离群万里，恍然惊散。自顾影、欲下寒塘，正沙净草枯，水平天远。写不成书，只寄得、相思一点。料因循误了，残毡拥雪，故人心眼。
谁怜旅愁荏苒。谩长门夜悄，锦筝弹怨。想伴侣、犹宿芦花，也曾念春前，去程应转。暮雨相呼，怕蓦地、玉关重见。未羞他、双燕归来，画帘半卷。

标签:

咏物写鸟婉约抒怀动植物宋词精选

译文注释

在空阔的楚江夜晚，我痛心突然被惊散后，自己已脱离雁群万里之远。顾影自怜，想到飞下寒塘，只见地面一片眼前草枯沙净，江水平阔伸向遥远天边。孤单一只的我无法排成字形，只能寄去相思情意的一点。还生怕这样徘徊迁延会耽误北地吞毡嚼雪的故人，传达他们眷念故园的心愿。
　　有谁会可怜我长途飞行的艰难？让我想起深夜孤居长门宫的皇后，锦筝弹着心中无限的幽怨。料想自己的伴侣还栖宿在芦花中，他们是否正惦念我在春前，会转程从旧路飞回北边。我仿佛听到他们在暮雨中声声呼唤，只怕在边塞突然相见。这样当双燕归来后栖息于画帘半卷的房檐，我也不会羞惭。

译文注释

⑴楚：泛指南方。
⑵恍（huǎng）然：失意貌。
②自顾影：对自己的孤独表示怜异之意。
⑶自顾影：顾影自怜，对自己的孤单表示怜惜。
⑷下寒塘：崔涂《孤雁》：“暮雨相呼失，寒塘欲下迟。”
⑸写不成书：雁飞行时行列整齐如字，孤雁而不成字，只像笔画中的“一点”，故云。这里还暗用了苏武雁足传书的故事。
⑹因循：迟延。
⑺残毡拥雪：用苏武事。苏武被匈奴强留，毡毛合雪而吞食，幸免于死。这里喻指困于元统治下有气节的南宋人物。
⑻荏苒（rěn rǎn）：展转不断。
⑼谩：漫，徒然的意思。长门：汉宫名，汉武帝时，陈皇后被打入长门冷宫。这里用长门宫的寂寞冷落来形容孤雁的凄凉哀怨。
⑽锦筝：筝的美称。古筝有十二或十三弦，斜列如雁行，称雁筝，其声凄清哀怨，故又称哀筝。《晋书·桓伊传》“抚哀筝而歌怨诗”。
⑾蓦地：忽然。
⑿玉关：玉门关，这里泛指北方。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

《解连环·孤雁》是宋亡后之作，是一篇著名的咏物词。它构思巧妙，体物较为细腻。在写其外相的同时，又寄寓了深微的含意。这首词可以透视出张炎词深厚的艺术功力。作者揉咏雁、怀人、自怜而为一，抒发了他的家国之痛，漂泊之苦，凄婉动人。词咏孤雁，实则借孤雁寄托作者宋亡后的伤感，也反映了宋遗民普遍生活体验及感触，具有典型意义。
上阕前三句写孤雁失群；接着写失群后的孤独。“楚江空晚。怅离群万里，恍然惊散。”以困顿惆怅的情怀起笔，伴孤雁一起飞来。起句境界暗淡、空旷、寂寥、肃杀。楚江，指湖南地方。衡阳有回雁峰，又雁多经潇湘。潇湘、衡阳皆楚地。... 古诗文网>>

《解连环•孤雁》是一篇著名的咏物词。它构思巧妙，体物较为细腻。在写其外相的同时，又寄寓了深微的含意。这首词可以透视出张炎词深厚的艺术功力。
“楚江空晚。怅离群万里，恍然惊散。”以困顿惆怅的情怀起笔，伴孤雁一起飞来。用孤雁写自身。楚江，指湖南地方。衡阳有回雁峰，又雁多经潇湘。潇湘、衡阳皆楚地。“孤”字，点出只雁离群万里。这三句写出了孤雁之遭际，使人意识到了作者心绪之凄惨。南宋末年，国势垂危，生于此时的词人，对于时局自己深感无能为力，不胜忧愤，只好借物抒怀。以寄托一腔幽怨。
“自顾影、欲下寒塘，正沙净草枯，水... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。百科详情>>

解连环·孤雁

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