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【作者】欧阳修【朝代】宋

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陈康肃公善射，当世无双，公亦以此自矜。尝射于家圃，有卖油翁释担而立，睨之久而不去。见其发矢十中八九，但微颔之。
康肃问曰：”汝亦知射乎？吾射不亦精乎？”。翁曰：“无他，但手熟尔。”康肃忿然曰：“尔安敢轻吾射！”翁曰：“以我酌油知之。”乃取一葫芦置于地，以钱覆其口，徐以杓酌油沥之，自钱孔入，而钱不湿。因曰：“我亦无他，惟手熟尔。”康肃笑而遣之。

标签:

初中文言文寓言哲理故事

出自部编版七年级下《卖油翁》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

康肃公陈尧咨擅于射箭，世上没有第二个人能跟他相媲美，他也就凭着这种本领而自夸。曾经（有一次），（他）在家里（射箭的）场地射箭，有个卖油的老翁放下担子，站在那里斜着眼睛看着他，很久都没有离开。卖油的老头看他射十箭中了八九箭，但只是微微点点头。陈尧咨问卖油翁：“你也懂得射箭吗？我的箭法不是很高明吗？”卖油的老翁说：“没有别的（奥妙），不过是手法熟练罢了。”陈尧咨（听后）气愤地说：“你怎么敢轻视我射箭（的本领）！”老翁说：“凭我倒油（的经验）就可以懂得这个道理。”于是拿出一个葫芦放在地上，把一枚铜钱盖在葫芦口上，慢慢地用油杓舀油注入葫芦里，油从钱孔注入而钱却没有湿。于是说：“我也没有别的（奥妙），只不过是手熟练罢了。”陈尧咨笑着将他送走了。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

陈康肃公：陈尧咨，谥号康肃，北宋人。公，旧时对男子的尊称。
善射：擅长射箭。
以：凭借，按照。
自矜：自夸。
家圃：家里（射箭的）场地。圃，园子，这里指场地。
释担：放下担子。释，放。
而：表承接。
睨：斜着眼看，形容不在意的样子。
去：离开。
发：射，射箭。
但微颔之：只是微微对此点头，意思是略微表示赞许。但，只、不过。颔之，就是对之颔。颔，点头。之，指陈尧咨射箭十中八九这一情况。
无他：没有别的（奥妙）。
但手熟尔：不过手熟罢了。但，只，不过。熟，熟练。尔，同耳，相当于罢了。
忿然：气愤的样子。然，作形容词或者副词的词尾，相当于的或地，可译为的样子。
尔：你。
安：怎么。
轻吾射：看轻我射箭（的本领）。轻，作动词用。
以我酌油知之：凭我倒油（的经验）知道这个（道理）。以，凭、靠。酌，斟酒，这里指倒油。之，指射箭也是凭手熟的道理。
覆：盖。
徐：慢慢地。
杓：同勺，勺子。
沥之：注入葫芦。沥，注。之，指葫芦。
惟：只，不过。
遣之：让他走，打发。解牛、
斫轮：指《庄子养生主》中的庖丁解牛和《庄子天道》中的轮扁斫轮两个寓言故事。两个寓言都说明长期从事某一专业而技术可以达到出神入化的地步。

来源：

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

本文是一篇富含哲理与情趣的小品文章，通俗易懂，意味深长，非常具有教育意义，因此多年来为中学课本必选篇目。这篇文章的成功之处在于将熟能生巧这个大道理，用一个生动的小故事加以阐释，达到了发人深省、心领神会的目的。第一段：写陈尧咨善射，卖油翁略表赞许。文章开头就对陈尧咨作概括介绍，他”善射”，”当世无双”并”以此自矜”。射技高超，以常理而论，定然是人人赞赏，射者自命不凡也是常情。这就为下文做了伏笔。但是，卖油老头对其”发矢十中八九”，却只”但微颔之”。这里以极其精练的笔墨提出了矛盾，在读者心中产生了悬念，就自然地引出了下文。第二段：说明熟能生巧的道理。康肃公一贯”自矜”，对卖油老头对其箭术所表示的不以为然的态度，是不会轻易放过的，自然要追问：”汝亦知射乎？吾射不亦精乎？”卖油老头回答：”无他，但手熟尔。”这一问一答，说明了一个深刻的道理，就是”熟能生巧”。康肃公一时还不明白其中的道理，反认为是”轻吾射”，至此矛盾更加激化，卖油老头只好现身说法”以我酌油知之”。又用具体事实证明”熟能生巧”，”乃取一葫芦置于地，以钱覆其口，徐以杓酌油沥之，自钱孔入而钱不湿”。作了这一番表演之后，卖油老头为解除康肃公的疑虑，说道：”我亦无他，惟手熟尔。”这个回答很重要，既回答了并非”轻吾射”，又再次说明道理。康肃公心中豁然开朗了，由”忿然”到”笑而遣之”结束了全文。本文以卖油翁自钱孔沥油而钱不湿的这件小事，说明了”熟能生巧”这个普通的道理。一般说理文章，常常要发议论，说为什么应该这样，为什么不应该那样。而这篇文章并没有高谈阔论，只是记叙卖油翁与陈尧咨对答和卖油翁酌油的经过，来说明道理。本文着重写的是射箭和酌油都可以由于手熟达到高超的技艺，而不是写陈尧咨的射箭。所以写陈尧咨的射箭只用了”矢十中八九”五个字，写得十分简略。这样繁简得当，突出文章的重点。陈尧咨学问不小，官职做得也很大，而且是文武双全，不愿屈居人下，可是却不得不在卖油翁面前认输，因为卖油翁指出的道理辩驳不倒，只得”笑而遣之”，没有责备”犯上”的小百姓，对于”用刑惨急，数有杖死”的陈尧咨确实不大容易。”笑”，既是有所领悟，也是自我解嘲，自是”传神之笔”。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

陈尧咨性情刚戾，但办事决断。他做地方官时注重水利，知永兴军（今陕西）时，发现长安饮水十分困难。便组织人力，疏通了龙首渠，解决了人民的生活用水问题。但陈尧咨为人盛气凌人，为政“用刑惨急，数有杖死者”。陈尧咨父亲陈省华，四川人，任济源县令，陈尧咨兄弟三人随父来河南济源。一日在龙潭寺读书学习，练习骑马射箭时遇到一名卖油翁，从老翁身上领悟了一个道理：倒油的本领是长期练出来的，熟能生巧,精益求精。从此，发奋学习，刻苦练武。21岁时考上进士第一名，后来当了宋代的吏部尚书，当时欧阳修采访了陈尧咨的成长经历，并到济源考查，写了千古绝唱《卖油翁》的故事，成了流传至今的名篇佳作。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁、六一居士

汉族，北宋文学家、史学家，且在政治上负有盛名

因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居

谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。

赏析

作者介绍

欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁、六一居士，汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省吉安市永丰县）人，北宋文学家、史学家，且在政治上负有盛名。因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。与韩愈、柳宗元、苏轼、苏洵、苏辙（三苏）王安石、曾巩被世人称为“唐宋散文八大家”。欧阳修幼年丧父，在寡母抚育下读书。宋仁宗天圣八年（1030年）中进士，初任西京留守推官，与尹洙、梅尧臣交游，以诗唱和。后入朝任馆阁校勘，欧阳修因事遭贬，他指责谏官高若讷，被贬为夷陵县令，转乾德县令，又复任馆阁校勘，进集贤校理、知谏院，任龙图阁直学士、河北都转运使，因事降知滁州，又知扬州、颍州、开封府，后以翰林学士知贡举，拜枢密副使、参知政事、刑部尚书、兵部尚书等，以太子少师退归，赠太子太师。欧阳修是北宋诗文革新运动的领袖，继承并发展了韩愈的古文理论，主张文以明道，反对“弃百事不关于心”（《答吴充秀才书》），主张文以致用，反对“舍近取远”（《与张秀才第二书》），强调文道结合，二者并重，提介平易自然之文，反对浮艳华靡的文风。其散文《朋党论》、《与高司谏书》、《新五代史·伶官传序》等政论、史论，或针砭时弊，或以古鉴今，其《醉翁亭记》、《秋声赋》等抒情散文，或寄情山水，或借景抒情，平易流畅、委婉曲折。百科详情>>

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