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明月皎夜光，促织鸣东壁。
玉衡指孟冬，众星何历历。
白露沾野草，时节忽复易。
秋蝉鸣树间，玄鸟逝安适。
昔我同门友，高举振六翮。
不念携手好，弃我如遗迹。
南箕北有斗，牵牛不负轭。
良无盘石固，虚名复何益？

标签:

写景古诗十九首月光抒情秋天季节

译文注释

在皎洁的明月夜中散步，蟋蟀还在东墙之下鸣叫。玉衡星所指的方位已经到了初冬，夜幕中的星星格外的分明。看见白露凝结在野草上，忽然感觉到季节的变化。深秋初冬树林还能听到蝉鸣，燕子又将到哪里去越冬栖身呢。我从前的同窗好友，如今已经青云直上位高权重。他们不念及当年的携手并肩岁月，把我这位老友视为过去的脚印。南箕和北斗，不能装东西也不能酌酒，牵牛星也不能拉车。就像我这位朋友一样，没有像磐石一样的友谊，怎么配的上朋友的称呼。

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译文注释

⑴促织：蟋蟀。　
⑵玉衡：指北斗七星中的第五至七星。北斗七星形似酌酒的斗：第一星至第四星成勺形，称斗魁；第五星至第七星成一条直线，称斗柄。由于地球绕日公转，从地面上看去，斗星每月变一方位。古人根据斗星所指方位的变换来辨别节令的推移。孟冬：冬季的第一个月。这句是说由玉衡所指的方位，知道节令已到孟冬（夏历的七月）。
⑶历历：分明貌。一说，历历，行列貌。
⑷易：变换。　
⑸玄鸟：燕子。安适：往什么地方去？燕子是候鸟，春天北来，秋时南飞。这句是说天凉了，燕子又要飞往什么地方去了？　
⑹同门友：同窗，同学。　
⑺翮（hé）：鸟的羽茎。据说善飞的鸟有六根健劲的羽茎。这句是以鸟的展翅高飞比喻同门友的飞黄腾达。　
⑻“弃我”句是说，就象行人遗弃脚印一样抛弃了我。
遗迹：从前的脚印。　
⑼南箕：星名，形似簸箕。北斗：星名，形似斗（酌酒器）。　
⑽牵牛：指牵牛星。轭：车辕前横木，牛拉车则负轭。“不负轭”是说不拉车。这二句是用南箕、北斗、牵牛等星宿的有虚名无实用，比喻朋友的有虚名无实用。　
⑾盘石：同“磐石”，特大石。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此诗之开篇“明月皎夜光，促织鸣东壁”，读者可以感觉到诗人此刻正浸染着一派月光。这是的皎洁的月色，蟋蟀的低吟，交织成一曲无比清切的夜之旋律。再看夜空，北斗横转，那由“玉衡”（北斗第五星）、“开阳”、“摇光”三星组成的斗柄（杓），正指向天象十二方位中的“孟冬，闪烁的星辰，更如镶嵌天幕的明珠，把夜空辉映得一片璀璨。一切似乎都很美好，包括那披着一身月光漫步的诗人。但是“此刻”究竟是什么时辰：“玉衡指孟冬”。据金克木先生解说，“孟冬”在这里指的不是初冬节令（因为下文明说还有“秋蝉”），而是指仲秋后半夜的某个时刻。仲秋的后半夜－－如此深沉的... 古诗文网>>

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