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读诸葛武侯传书怀赠长安崔少府叔封昆季

【作者】李白【朝代】唐

拼音

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汉道昔云季，群雄方战争。
霸图各未立，割据资豪英。
赤伏起颓运，卧龙得孔明。
当其南阳时，陇亩躬自耕。
鱼水三顾合，风云四海生。
武侯立岷蜀，壮志吞咸京。
何人先见许，但有崔州平。
余亦草间人，颇怀拯物情。
晚途值子玉，华发同衰荣。
托意在经济，结交为弟兄。
毋令管与鲍，千载独知名。

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抱负

译文注释

东汉末年，群雄纷起，龙争虎斗。争王图霸之业未立，各自割据称雄。刘备像汉光武一样一挽汉朝之颓运，得到了孔明这条卧龙的辅佐。诸葛亮在南阳之时，亲自躬耕于陇亩之中。刘备三顾诸葛亮于卧龙岗茅庐，如鱼之得水，叱咤风云于天下。诸葛武侯在岷蜀佐助刘备立国，其凌云攻志，直吞咸京。诸葛亮未显达之时，是谁对他最为赞许呢，就是博陵的崔州平。我也是一个布衣之士，胸怀报国忧民之情。在晚年遇到了您二位像崔州平和崔瑗这样的朋友，华发之际同衰共荣。我们都是寄意于经国济民，结成了兄弟般的朋友。让我们的友谊像管仲和鲍叔牙一样在历史上千载传名。

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译文注释

读诸葛武侯传书怀赠长安崔少府叔封昆季：读了诸葛亮传后，写下自己的感怀，赠给京兆府长安县尉崔叔封兄弟。诸葛武侯，即诸葛亮，三国时期蜀国丞相，死后封为武侯。少府，县尉，当时崔叔封任京兆府长安县尉。按《新唐书宰相世系表二》清河大房崔氏有叔封，乃同州刺史崔子源之子，或即此人。昆季，兄弟。
季：指末世。
霸图：指统治天下的雄心。
赤伏：即赤伏符，迷信预卜凶吉的书。颓运，倒霉的运气。《后汉书光武帝纪》载，东汉光武帝刘秀在长安的时候，一个叫疆华的人自关中奉赤伏符来。赤伏符中预言刘秀命中注定要当皇帝。这里是说刘备在与曹操、孙权争雄中处于不利地位，正在这时得到了诸葛亮，好象命中注定要扭转不利局面一样。
卧龙：卧龙岗，在今河南南阳市境内。
陇：田中高地。
躬：自身，亲自。
鱼水三顾合：《三国志诸葛亮传》载，刘备得到诸葛亮以后，
曾感慨地说：我得孔明象鱼得水一样。三顾合，指刘备曾三次到南阳卧龙岗去请诸葛亮。
岷：岷山，在今四川北部属蜀地。
吞咸京：这里指夺取曹魏政权的首都许昌。何人先见许，
但有崔州平：《三国志诸葛亮传》载，诸葛亮在南的徐庶相信他的才智。
草间人：指不得志的人。
晚途：晚年生活的道路上。
值：这里是指相逢。
子玉：东汉崔瑗的字，这里借喻崔叔封。
衰荣：指政治上的得志和失意，这里侧重在荣。
托意：寄托全部的心意。
管与鲍：即管仲与鲍叔牙，《史记管晏列传》载，管仲在年青时常和鲍叔牙知道管仲是个贤能的人。后来齐国的公子小白与公子纠争夺王位，鲍叔牙帮助小白，管仲帮助公子纠。结果小白得胜，就是齐桓公，而公子纠被杀，管仲被抓进监狱。这时鲍叔牙向齐桓公推荐管仲，甘愿做管仲的部下。

来源：

赏析

一二句描绘出一幅昔日汉代末世群雄纷纷而起、互相争战夺取天下的景致，交代事件发生的起因和背景，“昔云”、“季”、“群雄”、“战争”，喧染出战争气氛，仿佛让人置身其中。
三四句写昔日汉代末世群雄各自割据、称霸天下目标未成，交代群雄割据的格局，侧面衬托出魏、蜀、吴三国鼎立的局面尚未形成。
五至十句赞述诸葛亮由一个布农得遇知己荐举，君臣相合，建功立业的事迹。喻指诸葛亮起于陇亩之中，隐居草野不得志。刘备三顾茅庐后得到诸葛亮辅佐，使形势发生了很大变化，形成三国鼎立的新局面。
十一十二句运用铺叙的手法，明写只有崔州平能... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李白（701－762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。汉族，祖籍陇西成纪，出生于碎叶城（当时属唐朝领土，今属吉尔吉斯斯坦），4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。李白生活在盛唐时期，二十五岁时只身出蜀，开始了广泛漫游生活，南到洞庭湘江，东至吴、越，寓居在安陆、应山。直到天宝元年（742），因道士吴筠的推荐，李白被召至长安，供奉翰林，后因不能见容于权贵，在京仅两年半，就赐金放还而去，然后飘荡四方的漫游生活。李白和杜甫并称“李杜”。他的诗歌既反映了时代的繁荣景象，也揭露了统治阶级的荒淫和腐败，表现出蔑视权贵，反抗传统束缚，追求自由和理想的积极精神。百科详情>>

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