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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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梁王魏婴觞诸侯于范台。酒酣，请鲁君举觞。鲁君兴，避席择言曰：“昔者帝女令仪狄作酒而美，进之禹，禹饮而甘之，遂疏仪狄，绝旨酒，曰：‘后世必有以酒亡其国者。’齐桓公夜半不嗛，易牙乃煎敖燔炙，和调五味而进之，桓公食之而饱，至旦不觉，曰：‘后必有以味亡其国者。’晋文公得南之威，三日不听朝，遂推南之威而远之，曰：‘后世必以色亡其国者。’楚王登强台而望崩山，左江而右湖，以临彷徨，其乐忘死，遂盟强台而登，曰：‘后世必有以高台陂池亡其国者。’今主君之尊，仪狄之酒也；主君之味，易牙调也；左白台而右闾须，南威之美也；前夹林而后兰台，强台之乐也。有一于此，足以亡国。今主君兼此四者，可无戒与！”梁王称善相属。

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祝酒古文观止文言文寓理

译文注释

魏惠王魏婴在范台宴请各国诸侯。酒兴正浓的时候，魏惠王向鲁共公敬酒。鲁共公站起身，离开自己的坐席，正色道：“从前，舜的女儿仪狄擅长酿酒，酒味醇美。仪狄把酒献给了禹，禹喝了之后也觉得味道醇美。但因此就疏远了仪狄，戒绝了美酒，并且说道：‘后代一定有因为美酒而使国家灭亡的。’齐桓公有一天夜里觉得肚子饿，想吃东西。易牙就煎熬烧烤，做出美味可口的菜肴给他送上，齐桓公吃得很饱，一觉睡到天亮还不醒，醒了以后说：‘后代一定有因贪美味而使国家灭亡的。’晋文公得到了美女南之威，三天没有上朝理政，于是就把南之威打发走了，说道：‘后代一定有因为贪恋美色而使国家灭亡的。’楚灵王登上强台远望崩山，左边是长江，右边是大湖，登临徘徊，惟觉山水之乐而忘记人之将死，于是发誓不再游山玩水。后来他说：‘后代一定有因为修高台、山坡、美池，而致使国家灭亡的。’现在您酒杯里盛的好似仪狄酿的美酒；桌上放的是易牙烹调出来的美味佳肴；您左边的白台，右边的闾须，都是南之威一样的美女；您前边有夹林，后边有兰台，都是强台一样的处所。这四者中占有一种，就足以使国家灭亡，可是现在您兼而有之，能不警戒吗?”魏惠王听后连连称赞谏言非常之好。

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赏析

本文记录的是鲁共公在梁王魏婴宴席上的一段祝酒辞，是诫言各诸侯王要警惕酒、味、色、乐的诱惑，否则将有亡国的危险。言直意重，表现了鲁共公卓越的政治见解。
文章的表达，主要运用了譬喻说理、排比言事的手法。全文以大禹疏仪狄而戒酒，齐桓公食美味而不醒，晋文公远南威而拒色，楚庄王不登强台而排乐为例，说明历代明主贤君都是拒酒、味、色、乐的引诱，而梁王兼有四者，足当警惕。理寓于故事中，以譬作喻，便于接受。排比句的运用，增强了气势和说服力。就内容而言，文章张扬的力戒酒、味、色、乐以强国兴邦的思想，不仅在两千多年前有益，即使在今天仍有其勿庸... 古诗文网>>

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