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小雅·杕杜

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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有杕之杜，有睆其实。王事靡盬，继嗣我日。日月阳止，女心伤止，征夫遑止。
有杕之杜，其叶萋萋。王事靡盬，我心伤悲。卉木萋止，女心悲止，征夫归止！
陟彼北山，言采其杞。王事靡盬，忧我父母。檀车幝幝，四牡痯痯，征夫不远！
匪载匪来，忧心孔疚。斯逝不至，而多为恤。卜筮偕止，会言近止，征夫迩止！

标签:

诗经思念

译文注释

孤零零的赤棠，枝头结满滚圆的果实。王事没有止息，要延续我孤独的时日。光阴已临十月，女子伤心之极，远征的人想已闲逸。
　　孤零零的赤棠，叶子正繁茂翠碧。王事没有止息，我心充满哀伤忧戚。草木还那么萋萋，女子无限悲凄，远征的人哪该可以归里。
　　登上那北山山顶，且去采摘枸杞。王事没有止息，使我父母也忧愁不已。檀木的役车已破，拉车的四马已疲，远征的人该归来在即。
　　一辆辆车子没载着你回归，我忧心忡忡痛苦难耐。预定时间已过你仍没到，我的忧郁如山如海。求卜问筮结果一致，都说你回家指日可待，远征的人离乡已近就要归来。

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译文注释

⑴有：句首语助词，无义。杕（dì）：树木孤独貌。杜：一种果木，又名赤棠梨。
⑵睆（huǎn）：果实圆浑貌。实：果实。
⑶靡：没有。盬（gǔ）：停止。
⑷嗣：延长、延续。
⑸阳：农历十月，十月又名阳月。止：句尾语气词。
⑹遑：闲暇。一说忙。
⑺萋萋：草木茂盛貌。
⑻.陟（zhì）：登山。
⑼言：语助词，无义。杞：即枸杞，落叶灌木，果实小而红，可食，可入药。
⑽忧：此为使动用法，使父母忧。一说忧父母无人供养。
⑾檀车：役车，一般是用檀木做的，一说是车轮用檀木做的。幝（chǎn）幝：破败貌。
⑿牡：公马。痯（guǎn）痯：疲劳貌。
⒀匪：非。载：车子载运。
⒁孔：很，大。疚（jìu）：病痛。
⒂期：预先约定时间。逝：过去。
⒃恤（xù）：忧虑。
⒄卜：以龟甲占吉凶。筮（shì）：以蓍草算卦。偕：合。
⒅会言：合言，都说。一说“会”为聚合（离人相聚），“言”为语助词，无义。
⒆迩：近。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

这是一首妻子思念长年在外服役的丈夫的歌，自《毛序》以来，古今没有什么异议。
诗分四章，每章七句。第一章“有杕之杜，有睆其实”两句即以“兴”起首，是《诗经》中常用的手法之一。这以“兴”起的两句与后边的内容有着某种情绪的关联：孤立的赤棠，象征着夫妻分处，彼此孤零；但孤立的赤棠尚能结出圆滚滚的果实，而分离的夫妻却不能尽其天性，故不能不睹物而兴感！
第三句以下，则赋叙其事：“由于王家之事没有止息，丈夫不能回家。我的孤独时日还要延续下去。现在已是十月，一年又将过去，作为妻子的我，怎不因之而忧伤！”这四句是直叙心意，后一句则... 古诗文网>>

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