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牛首开天阙，龙岗抱帝宫。
六朝春草里，万井落花中。
访旧乌衣少，听歌玉树空。
如何亡国恨，尽在大江东！

标签:

咏史感慨咏史怀古目的地方

译文注释

牛首山的双峰东西对峙，犹如皇宫前两侧的阙楼。钟山龙蟠虎踞，环抱着帝王之宅。六朝旧事，古都繁华，已在片片春草落花中流逝。如今已很少能够寻访到豪门望族，《玉树后庭花》早已曲终人杳。为何一代代亡国之恨，都被这江东之地占尽了呢？

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译文注释

1、这首通过南京怀古，抒发对明亡的感慨。秣陵：今南京市，秦朝称为秣陵。
2、"牛首"二句：写南京形胜。牛首，又名牛头山，在南京市南，双峰东西对峙，状如皇宫前两旁的阙楼，又称天阙。龙岗：指钟山。相传曾论南京的地形说："钟阜龙蟠，石头虎踞，真帝王之宅。"（见《六朝事迹》）
3、"六朝"二句：写城市残破。
4、六朝：孙吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈六代均建都于南京，后人统称之为"六朝"。六朝时战乱频仍，兴亡迅速。这句诗从围棋残局的不可收拾，表示作者对南明弘光朝灭亡的感慨。〉。万井，形容都会中户口多。符载《五福楼记》："二江东注，万井如画。"春草、落花，表示城市残破。
5、"访旧"二句：写人事凋零。乌衣，东晋以及南朝时聚居于南京乌衣巷的王谢诸名门大族。《六朝事迹》："乌衣巷，王导、纪瞻宅皆在此。"这里借指明代的遗民。玉树，指陈后主的《玉树后庭花》。《隋书·五行志》："祯明初，后主作新歌，辞甚哀怨，令后宫美人习而歌之，其辞曰：玉树后庭花，花开不复久。"　
6、"如何"二句：联系古今，点明亡国之恨。大江，长江。

来源：古诗文网

作者介绍

屈大均（1630—1696）明末清初著名学者、诗人，与陈恭尹、梁佩兰并称“岭南三大家”，有“广东徐霞客”的美称。字翁山、介子，号莱圃，汉族，广东番禺人。曾与魏耕等进行反清活动。后避祸为僧，中年仍改儒服。诗有李白、屈原的遗风，著作多毁于雍正、乾隆两朝，后人辑有《翁山诗外》《翁山文外》《翁山易外》《广东新语》及《四朝成仁录》，合称“屈沱五书”。百科详情>>

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