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【作者】林则徐【朝代】清

拼音

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力微任重久神疲，再竭衰庸定不支。
苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之！
谪居正是君恩厚，养拙刚于戍卒宜。
戏与山妻谈故事，试吟断送老头皮。

标签:

励志爱国情感

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

我能力低微而肩负重任，早已感到精疲力尽。一再担当重任，以我衰老之躯，平庸之才，是定然不能支撑了。如果对国家有利，我将不顾生死。难道能因为有祸就躲避、有福就上前迎受吗？我被流放伊犁，正是君恩高厚。我还是退隐不仕，当一名成卒适宜。我开着玩笑，同老妻谈起《东坡志林》所记宋真宗召对杨朴和苏东坡赴诏狱的故事，说你不妨吟诵一下“这回断送老头皮”那首诗来为我送行。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

①立：成。
②三岛：指英伦三岛，即英国的英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰。此旬回顾抗英经历，足见英国无人。
③九垓（gāi）。九州，天下，这句可能是用古神话中竖亥自东极步行至西极的故事（见《山海经·海外东经》），表示自己将风尘仆仆地走遍各地观察形势。
④儿童：指幼稚无知的人，代指对林则徐被贬幸灾乐祸的人。
⑤赵老送灯台：即上句的轻薄语。《归田录》：“俚谚云：‘赵老送灯台，一去更不来。’当时清廷中的投降派诅咒林则徐。说他被贬新疆是“赵老送灯台”，永无回来之日。
⑥衰庸：意近“衰朽”，衰老而无能，这里是自谦之词。
⑦以：用，去做。“苟利”二句：郑国大夫子产改革军赋，受到时人的诽谤，子产日：“何害！苟利社稷，死生以之。”（见《左传·昭公四年》）诗语本此。
⑧谪居：因有罪被遣戍远方。
⑨养拙：犹言藏拙，有守本分、不显露自己的意思。刚：正好。戍卒宜：做一名戍卒为适当。这句诗谦恭中含有愤激与不平。
⑩戏与”二句：作者自注，宋真宗闻隐者杨朴能诗，召对问：“此来有人作诗送卿否？”对曰：臣妻有—首，云“更休落魄耽杯酒，且莫猖狂爱咏诗。今日捉将官里去，这回断送老头皮”。上大笑，放还山。东坡赴诏狱，妻子送出门皆哭。坡顾渭曰：“子独不能如杨处士妻作一首诗送我乎？”妻子失笑，坡乃出。这两句诗用此典故，表达他的旷达胸襟。山妻：对自己妻子的谦称。故事：旧事，典故。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

诗的首联是说：我以微薄的力量为国担当重任，早已感到疲惫。如果继续下去，再而衰，三而竭，无论自己衰弱的体质还是平庸的才干必定无法支持。颔联若用现代语言表达，即“只要有利于国家，哪怕是死，我也要去做；哪能因为害怕灾祸而逃避呢。”它表现了林则徐刚正不阿的高尚品德和忠诚无私的爱国情操。颈联从字面上看似乎心平气和、逆来顺受，其实心底却埋藏着巨痛，细细咀嚼，似有万丈波澜。尾联从赵令《侯鲭录》中的一个故事生发而来：宋真宗时，访天下隐者，杞人杨朴奉召廷对，自言临行时其妻送诗一首云：“更休落魄贪杯酒，亦莫猖狂爱咏诗。今日捉将官里去，这回断送老头皮。”杨朴借这首打油诗对宋真宗表示不愿入朝为官。林则徐巧用此典幽默地说：“我跟老伴开玩笑，这一回我也变成杨朴了，弄不好会送掉老命的。”言外之意，等于含蓄地对道光帝表示：“我也伺候够您了，还是让我安安生生当老百姓吧。”封建社会中的一位大忠臣，能说出这样的牢骚话来，也就达到极限了。认真体味这首七律，当能感觉出它和屈原的《离骚》一脉相通的心声。对仗工稳而灵活，是此诗写作技巧上的一个特点。如，以“国家”对“祸福”，以“生死”对“避趋”，按词性来说，都是正对。“生死以”的“以”字作“为”解，是动词；而“之”字是虚词。作者既用“以”字的实词义表达思想内容，又借它的虚词义来与“之”字构成对仗，显示了驾驭文字的深厚动力。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

林则徐抗英有功，却遭投降派诬陷，被道光帝革职，发配伊犁，效力赎罪。他忍辱负重，于道光二十一年（1841年7月14日）被发配到新疆伊犁。诗人在古城西安与妻子离别赴伊犁时，在满腔愤怒下写下此诗。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

林则徐是中国清代后期政治家、文学家、思想家，民族英雄，领导了虎门销烟。

赏析

1842年，林则徐被遣戍新疆伊犁，在西安与家人告别时，做了题为《赴戍登程口占示家人》七律二首(苟利国家生死以　岂因祸福避趋之)，这联佳句是第二首的第二联。诗人气概昂扬，明确表示：纵是被贬遣戍，只要对国家有利，不论生死，也要去干；岂能因为个人祸福而避后趋前。此时此境诗人深怀忧民之心，忠君之意，难忘报国。诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

林则徐 1785年（乙巳年）8月30日（乾隆五十年）~1850年11月22日（道光三十年），汉族，福建侯官人（今福建省福州），字元抚，又字少穆、石麟，晚号俟村老人、俟村退叟、七十二峰退叟、瓶泉居士、栎社散人等。是清朝后期政治家、思想家和诗人，是中华民族抵御外辱过程中伟大的民族英雄，其主要功绩是虎门销烟。官至一品，曾任江苏巡抚、两广总督、湖广总督、陕甘总督和云贵总督，两次受命为钦差大臣；因其主张严禁鸦片、抵抗西方的侵略、坚持维护中国主权和民族利益深受全世界人民的敬仰。百科详情>>

赴戍登程口占示家人二首

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