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【作者】佚名【朝代】南北朝

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陇

tóu

头

liú

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shuǐ

水

，

liú

流

lí

离

shān

山

xià

下

。

niàn

念

wú

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shēn

身

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piāo

飘

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野

。

cháo

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chéng

城

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mù

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shé

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hóu

喉

。

lǒng

陇

tóu

头

liú

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shuǐ

水

，

míng

鸣

shēng

声

wū

呜

yè

咽

。

yáo

遥

wàng

望

qín

秦

chuān

川

，

xīn

心

gān

肝

duàn

断

jué

绝

。

陇头流水，流离山下。
念吾一身，飘然旷野。
朝发欣城，暮宿陇头。
寒不能语，舌卷入喉。
陇头流水，鸣声呜咽。
遥望秦川，心肝断绝。

标签:

古诗三百首生活民歌

译文注释

（一）
陇山的流水，流离了山下。想着我孤身一个人，翩然走在空旷的野外。
（二）
早上从欣城出发，晚上睡在陇山。冻得说不出话来，舌头都卷进了喉咙里。
（三）
陇山的流水，也发出呜咽的鸣声。遥望着秦川，心肝都要断绝了。

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译文注释

①《陇头歌辞》为“梁鼓角横吹曲”之一。《乐府集》载三首，写游子漂流在外的痛苦心情。
②陇头：陇山顶上，一说陇头（平凉、庆阳的一带）古代陇山指六盘山。甘肃省简称为“陇”，这个陇由古代“陇山”而来，因为前人习惯上称平凉庆阳两区为陇东。天水为陇右，张掖、武威一带为陇西，而古代陇西还包括今属平凉市的庄浪、静宁两县。六盘山处甘肃、陕西、宁夏三省区交界处，主脉在甘肃境内。
陇头流水，指发源于陇山的河流、溪水。一说是发源于陇山，向东流的泾河等几条河水。
③欣城：不详，我认为指今镇原县的“新城”，“新”与“欣”同音。汉代时平凉部分地方，包括今镇原县属北地郡。新城距平凉不远，距陇山东麓也就一百多里路程；朝发：早晨从欣城出发。
③暮宿陇头：傍晚住宿在陇山顶上；暮：傍晚；宿：投宿，住宿。
④寒不能语，舌卷入喉：形容六盘山一带气候十分严寒，冻得舌头都卷了上去，不能说话；语：说话。
⑤鸣声幽咽：天寒地冻，陇山下东流的河水结了冰，河流在冰层间呜呜咽咽，像人哭泣一样。背井离乡的游子于寒山冰河间听到这种流水声，心里那种思乡之情，那种因种种原因遭受这种漂流之苦的心情可想而知是多么难受了。
⑥遥望秦川：遥望：远眺，即向东远望；秦川，指陕西省中部。这里的秦川，指陇山以东广大地区，不一定指中原或关中地区，“秦川”代指“故乡”，因为六盘山以西就是“塞外”了，离关内越来越远，所以说痛断肝肠。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

由于南北朝长期处于对峙的局面，在政治、经济、文化以及民族风尚、自然环境等方面又存在着明显的差异，因而南北朝民歌也呈现出不同的情调与风格。南朝民歌清丽缠绵，更多地反映了人民真挚纯洁的爱情生活；北朝民歌粗犷豪放，广泛地反映了北方动乱不安的社会现实和人民的生活风习。
汉唐四朝，前后十朝，长安之名真正是名声赫赫，以至在唐以后长安成了国都的代称李白《金陵》说：“晋朝南渡日，此地旧长安。”称东晋宋齐梁陈六朝都城金陵为长安，实即今江苏南京。长安位居关中的中心，它的地理形胜于天下独居第一。
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