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。

wǎn

晚

nǎi

乃

dùn

遁

yú

于

guāng

光

、

huáng

黄

jiān

间

，

yuē

曰

qí

岐

tíng

亭

。

ān

庵

jū

居

shū

蔬

shí

食

，

bù

不

yǔ

与

shì

世

xiāng

相

wén

闻

。

qì

弃

chē

车

mǎ

马

，

huǐ

毁

guān

冠

fú

服

，

tú

徒

bù

步

wǎng

往

lái

来

shān

山

zhōng

中

，

rén

人

mò

莫

shí

识

yě

也

。

jiàn

见

qí

其

suǒ

所

zhù

著

mào

帽

，

fāng

方

sǒng

耸

ér

而

gāo

高

，

yuē

曰

：“

cǐ

此

qǐ

岂

gǔ

古

fāng

方

shān

山

guān

冠

zhī

之

yí

遗

xiàng

象

hū

乎

？”

yīn

因

wèi

谓

zhī

之

fāng

方

shān

山

子

。

yú

余

zhé

谪

jū

居

yú

于

huáng

黄

，

guò

过

qí

岐

tíng

亭

，

shì

适

jiàn

见

yān

焉

。

yuē

曰

：“

wū

呜

hū

呼

！

cǐ

此

wú

吾

gù

故

rén

人

chén

陈

zào

慥

jì

季

cháng

常

yě

也

。

hé

何

wèi

为

ér

而

zài

在

cǐ

此

？”

fāng

方

shān

山

子

yì

亦

jué

矍

rán

然

，

wèn

问

yú

余

suǒ

所

yǐ

以

zhì

至

cǐ

此

zhě

者

。

yú

余

gào

告

zhī

之

gù

故

。

fǔ

俯

ér

而

bù

不

dá

答

，

yǎng

仰

ér

而

xiào

笑

，

hū

呼

yú

余

sù

宿

qí

其

jiā

家

。

huán

环

dǔ

堵

xiāo

萧

rán

然

，

ér

而

qī

妻

zǐ

子

nú

奴

bì

婢

jiē

皆

yǒu

有

zì

自

dé

得

zhī

之

yì

意

。

yú

余

jì

既

sǒng

耸

rán

然

yì

异

zhī

之

。

dú

独

niàn

念

fāng

方

shān

山

子

shǎo

少

shí

时

，

shǐ

使

jiǔ

酒

hǎo

好

jiàn

剑

，

yòng

用

cái

财

rú

如

fèn

粪

tǔ

土

。

qián

前

shí

十

jiǔ

九

nián

年

，

yú

余

zài

在

qí

岐

shān

山

，

jiàn

见

fāng

方

shān

山

子

cóng

从

liǎng

两

qí

骑

，

xié

挟

èr

二

shǐ

矢

，

yóu

游

xī

西

shān

山

。

què

鹊

qǐ

起

yú

于

qián

前

，

shǐ

使

qí

骑

zhú

逐

ér

而

shè

射

zhī

之

，

bù

不

huò

获

。

fāng

方

shān

山

子

nù

怒

mǎ

马

dú

独

chū

出

，

yī

一

fà

发

dé

得

zhī

之

。

yīn

因

yǔ

与

yú

余

mǎ

马

shàng

上

lùn

论

yòng

用

bīng

兵

jí

及

gǔ

古

jīn

今

chéng

成

bài

败

，

zì

自

wèi

谓

yī

一

shì

世

háo

豪

shì

士

。

jīn

今

jǐ

几

rì

日

ěr

耳

，

jīng

精

hàn

悍

zhī

之

sè

色

yóu

犹

jiàn

见

yú

于

méi

眉

jiān

间

，

ér

而

qǐ

岂

shān

山

zhōng

中

zhī

之

rén

人

zāi

哉

？

rán

然

fāng

方

shān

山

子

shì

世

yǒu

有

xūn

勋

fá

阀

，

dāng

当

dé

得

guān

官

，

shǐ

使

cóng

从

shì

事

yú

于

qí

其

jiān

间

，

jīn

今

yǐ

已

xiǎn

显

wén

闻

。

ér

而

qí

其

jiā

家

zài

在

luò

洛

yáng

阳

，

yuán

园

zhái

宅

zhuàng

壮

lì

丽

yǔ

与

gōng

公

hóu

侯

děng

等

。

hé

河

běi

北

yǒu

有

tián

田

，

suì

岁

dé

得

bó

帛

qiān

千

pǐ

匹

，

yì

亦

zú

足

yǐ

以

fù

富

lè

乐

。

jiē

皆

qì

弃

bù

不

qǔ

取

，

dú

独

lái

来

qióng

穷

shān

山

zhōng

中

，

cǐ

此

qǐ

岂

wú

无

dé

得

ér

而

rán

然

zāi

哉

？

yú

余

wén

闻

guāng

光

、

huáng

黄

jiān

间

duō

多

yì

异

rén

人

，

wǎng

往

wǎng

往

yáng

阳

kuáng

狂

gòu

垢

wū

污

，

bù

不

kě

可

dé

得

ér

而

jiàn

见

。

fāng

方

shān

山

子

tǎng

倘

jiàn

见

zhī

之

yú

欤

？

方山子，光、黄间隐人也。少时慕朱家、郭解为人，闾里之侠皆宗之。稍壮，折节读书，欲以此驰骋当世，然终不遇。晚乃遁于光、黄间，曰岐亭。庵居蔬食，不与世相闻。弃车马，毁冠服，徒步往来山中，人莫识也。见其所著帽，方耸而高，曰：“此岂古方山冠之遗象乎？”因谓之方山子。
余谪居于黄，过岐亭，适见焉。曰：“呜呼！此吾故人陈慥季常也。何为而在此？”方山子亦矍然，问余所以至此者。余告之故。俯而不答，仰而笑，呼余宿其家。环堵萧然，而妻子奴婢皆有自得之意。余既耸然异之。
独念方山子少时，使酒好剑，用财如粪土。前十九年，余在岐山，见方山子从两骑，挟二矢，游西山。鹊起于前，使骑逐而射之，不获。方山子怒马独出，一发得之。因与余马上论用兵及古今成败，自谓一世豪士。今几日耳，精悍之色犹见于眉间，而岂山中之人哉？
然方山子世有勋阀，当得官，使从事于其间，今已显闻。而其家在洛阳，园宅壮丽与公侯等。河北有田，岁得帛千匹，亦足以富乐。皆弃不取，独来穷山中，此岂无得而然哉？
余闻光、黄间多异人，往往阳狂垢污，不可得而见。方山子倘见之欤？

标签:

古文观止情感写人隐居抒怀场景生活文言文

译文注释

方山子，是光州、黄州一带的隐士。年轻时，仰慕汉代游侠朱家、郭解的品行，乡里的游侠之士都推崇他。（等到他）年岁稍长，就改变志趣，发奋读书，想以此来驰名当代，但是一直没有交上好运。到了晚年隐居在光州、黄州一带名叫岐亭的地方。住茅草屋，吃素食，不与社会各界来往。放弃坐车骑马，毁坏书生衣帽，徒步在山里来往，没有人认识他。人们见他戴的帽子上面方方的且又很高，就说：“这不就是古代乐师戴的方山冠遗留下来的样子吗？”因此就称他为“方山子”。
我因贬官居住在黄州，有一次经过岐亭时，正巧碰见了他。我说：“哎，这是我的老朋友陈慥陈季常呀，怎么会在这里呢？”方山子也很惊讶，问我到这里来的原因。我把原因告诉了他，他低头不回答，继而仰天大笑，请我住到他家去。他的家里四壁萧条，然而他的妻子儿女奴仆都显出怡然自得的样子。
我对此感到十分惊异，就回想起方山子年轻的时候，曾是个嗜酒弄剑、挥金如土的游侠之士。十九年前，我在岐山下，见到方山子带着两名骑马随从，身带两箭，在西山游猎，只见前方一鹊飞起，他便叫随从追赶射鹊，未能射中。方山子拉紧缰绳，独自跃马向前，一箭射中飞鹊。他就在马上与我谈论起用兵之道及古今成败之事，自认为是一代豪杰。至今又过了多少日子了，但那股英气勃勃的神色，依然在眉宇间显现，这怎么会是一位蛰居山中的人呢？
方山子出身于世代功勋之家，理应有官做，假如他能置身官场，到现在已得声名显赫了。他原本家在洛阳，园林宅舍雄伟富丽，可与公侯之家相同了。在河北还有田地，每年可得上千匹的丝帛收入，这些也足以使生活富裕安乐了。然而他都抛开不去享用，偏偏要来到穷僻的山里，这难道不是因为他独有会心之处才会如此的吗？
我听说光州、黄州一带有很多奇人异士，常常假装疯颠、衣衫破旧，但是无法见到他们；方山子或许能遇见他们吧。

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译文注释

方山子：即陈慥，字季常。光、
黄：光州、黄州，两州连界。光州州治在今河南潢川县。黄州，今湖北黄冈。
隐人：隐士。朱家、
郭解：西汉时著名游侠，见《史记游侠列传》。
闾里：乡里。
侠：侠义之士。
宗之：崇拜他，以他为首。宗，尊奉。
折节：改变原来的志趣和行为。《后汉书段颎传》：颎少便习弓马长乃折节好古学。
驰骋句：在当代施展才学抱负。
遁：遁世隐居。
岐亭：宋时黄州的镇名，在今湖北麻城县西南。
岂：其意为（这）难道不是。
方山冠：唐宋时隐士戴的帽子。
遗象：犹遗制。
余谪居三句：苏轼《岐亭五首叙》：元丰三年正月，余始谪黄州，至歧亭北二十五里，山上有白马青盖来迎者，则余故人陈恤季常也。为留五日，斌诗一篇而去。谪，降职。
矍然：吃惊注视的样子。
环堵一句：用陶渊明《五柳先生传》环堵萦然，不蔽风日成句，谓室内空无所有。
使酒：喝醉酒后爱发脾气，任性而行。
余在岐山：宋仁宗嘉祐七年，苏轼任凤翔府签判，时陈糙之父陈希亮知凤翔府。苏轼这时始与陈糙相识订交。岐山，指凤翔。凤翔有岐山。
怒马：奋马。
一发一句：一箭射中它。
精悍一句：精明英武的神情气度。精悍，精明强干。
然方山子二句：苏轼《陈公弼传》：陈希亮（公弼）当荫补子弟，辄先其族人，卒不及其子糙。
世有勋阀：世代有功勋，属世袭门阀。
穷山中：荒僻的山中。
此岂一句：难道没有独特的造诣修养能够作到这一点吗？
异人：指特立独行的隐沦之士。
佯狂：装疯。
垢污：言行不屑循常蹈故，被人们认为是德行上的垢污。
傥：或者。

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