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上山采蘼芜

【作者】佚名【朝代】汉

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上山采蘼芜，下山逢故夫。
长跪问故夫，新人复何如？
新人虽言好，未若故人姝。
颜色类相似，手爪不相如。
新人从门入，故人从閤去。
新人工织缣，故人工织素。
织缣日一匹，织素五丈余。
将缣来比素，新人不如故。

标签:

情感人物叙事怀念弃妇

译文注释

登上山中采蘼芜，下山偶遇前时夫。
故人长跪问故夫：“你的新妻怎么样？”
夫说：“新妻虽不错，却比不上你的好。
美貌虽然也相近，纺织技巧差得多。
新人从门娶回家，你从小门离开我。
新人很会织黄绢，你却能够织白素。
黄绢日织只一匹，白素五丈更有余。
黄绢白素来相比，我的新人不如你。”

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译文注释

（1）蘼芜（míwú）：一种香草，叶子风干可以做香料。古人相信蘼芜可使妇人多子。
（2）姝：好。不仅指容貌。当“新人从门入”的时候，故人是丈夫憎厌的对象，但新人入门之后，丈夫久而生厌，转又觉得故人比新人好了。这里把男子喜新厌旧的心理写得更深一层。
（3）手爪：指纺织等技巧。
（4）閤（gé）：旁门，小门。新妇从正面大门被迎进来，故妻从旁边小门被送出去。一荣一辱，一喜一悲，尖锐对照。这两句是弃妇的话，当故夫对她流露出一些念旧之情的时候，她忍不注重提旧事，诉一诉当时所受委屈。
（5）缣（jiān）、素：都是绢。素色洁白，缣色带黄，素贵缣贱。
（6）一匹：长四丈，宽二尺二寸。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

这是一首写弃妇的。全篇是弃妇和故夫偶尔重逢时的一番简短对话。弃妇向故夫打听“新人”的情况：“新人复何如？”一个“复”字用得意味深长，既透露出弃妇心中的无限委屈怨恨，又带着一丝本能的妒意。故夫则回答：“容颜不如你，手脚更不如你麻利。”弃妇则冷冷地刺了他一句：“新人从门入，故人从阁去。”心怀愧意的故夫急于表白，于是得出“新人不如故”的结论。这首诗的本意是咏唱弃妇不幸的命运，却不从正面写弃妇的哀怨委屈，反而写出了故夫的念旧。作者没有做任何正面的说明和谴责，但是故夫的念旧使读者了解到弃妇是一个美丽勤劳的女子，她的被弃是完全无辜的，她的命... 古诗文网>>

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