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八声甘州·记玉关踏雪事清游

【作者】张炎【朝代】宋

拼音

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辛卯岁，沈尧道同余北归，各处杭、越。逾岁，尧道来问寂寞，语笑数日。又复别去。赋此曲，并寄赵学舟。
记玉关踏雪事清游，寒气脆貂裘。傍枯林古道，长河饮马，此意悠悠。短梦依然江表，老泪洒西州。一字无题处，落叶都愁。
载取白云归去，问谁留楚佩，弄影中洲？折芦花赠远，零落一身秋。向寻常、野桥流水，待招来，不是旧沙鸥。空怀感，有斜阳处，却怕登楼。

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写景婉约宋词三百首抒怀景色西湖

译文注释

记得在北方边关，专事去踏雪漫游，寒气冻硬了貂裘。沿着荒枯的树林古老的大道行走，到漫长的黄河边饮马暂休，这内心的情意呵似河水悠悠。北游如一场短梦，梦醒后此身依然在江南漂流，禁不住老泪纵横，洒落在故都杭州。想借红叶题，却连一个字也无题写之处，那飘落的片片红叶已写满了忧愁。
你载着一船的白云归去，试问谁将玉佩相留，顾盼水中倒影于中洲？折一枝芦花寄赠远方故友，零落的芦花呵透出一身的寒秋。向着平常的野桥流水漫步，待招来的已不是旧日熟识的沙鸥。空怀着无限的情感，在斜阳夕照的时候，我却害怕登楼。

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译文注释

八声甘州：词牌名，又名《潇潇雨》，简称《甘州》。唐玄宗时教坊大曲有《甘州》，杂曲有《甘州子》，是唐边塞曲，因以边塞地甘州为名。双调平韵，九十五至九十八字，共有七体。
辛卯岁，沈尧道同余北归：元世祖至正辛卯（1291）年，作者同沈尧道同游燕京（今北京）后从北归来。沈尧道，名钦，张炎词友。
逾岁：过了一年；到了第二年。
赵学舟：人名，张炎词友。
记玉关踏雪事清游：指北游的生活。他们未到玉门关，这里用玉关泛指边地风光。清游，清雅游赏。
貂裘：貂皮制成的衣裘。
长河：指黄河。汉应玚《别诗》之二：“浩浩长河水，九折东北流。” 唐王维《使至塞上》诗：“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆。”
短梦：短暂的梦。
江表：江外。指长江以南的地区。
西州：古城名，在今南京市西。此代指故国旧都。晋谢安死后，羊昙醉至西州门，恸哭而去，即此处。事见《晋书·谢安传》。后遂用为典实。
楚佩：《楚辞》中有湘夫人因湘君失约而捐玦遗佩于江边的描写,后因用“楚佩”作为咏深切之情谊的典故。
弄影：物动使影子也随着摇晃或移动。
中洲：即洲中。《楚辞·九歌·湘君》：“君不行兮夷犹，蹇谁留兮中洲。” 王逸注：“中洲，洲中也。水中可居者曰洲。”
赠远：赠送东西给远行的人。
沙鸥：栖息于沙滩、沙洲上的鸥鸟。旧沙鸥，这里指志同道合的老朋友。
斜阳：傍晚西斜的太阳。
登楼：指汉末王粲避乱客荆州，思归，作《登楼赋》之事。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

“记玉关踏雪事清游，寒气脆貂裘。”以“记”字领起，气势较为开阔、笔力劲峭。写他前年冬季赴北写经的旧事，展现了一幅冲风踏雪的北国羁旅图。北风凛冽，寒气袭人，三两个“南人”在那枯林古道上艰难行进。“此意悠悠”此句虽简，然则写出他内心无限的忧思。
“短梦依然江表，老泪洒西州”，旧事重提之后，续写北地回归之光景。江表，指江南。西州，古城名，在今南京西。此两句谓自己虽已回到南方故土，屈辱经历也过去，仍只能老泪洒落、无欢可言。南归以后，自己与尧道分处杭、越，音讯久未通。“一字无题处，落叶都愁。”点出为何不致书问候。并非不想题赠友，但... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。百科详情>>

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