渔歌子

【作者】张志和【朝代】唐

译文

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西塞山前白鹭飞，桃花流水鳜鱼肥。

西塞山前白鹭在自由地翱翔，江水中，肥美的鳜鱼欢快地游着，漂浮在水中的桃花是那样的鲜艳而饱满。

青箬笠，绿蓑衣，斜风细雨不须归。

渔翁头戴青色的箬笠，身披绿色的蓑衣，冒着斜风细雨乐然垂钓，用不着回家。

西塞山前白鹭飞，桃花流水鳜鱼肥。
青箬笠，绿蓑衣，斜风细雨不须归。

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小学古诗情感写景人物写人水乡宋词三百首抒怀景色

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

西塞山前白鹭在自由地翱翔，江水中，肥美的鳜鱼欢快地游着，漂浮在水中的桃花是那样的鲜艳而饱满。渔翁头戴青色的箬笠，身披绿色的蓑衣，冒着斜风细雨，乐然垂钓，用不着回家。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

①渔歌子：词牌名。此调原为唐教坊名曲。分单调、双调二体。单调二十七字，平韵，以张氏此调最为著名。双调，五十字，仄韵。《渔歌子》又名《渔父》或《渔父乐》，大概是民间的渔歌。据《词林纪事》转引的记载说，张志和曾谒见湖州刺史颜真卿，因为船破旧了，请颜真卿帮助更换，并作《渔歌子》。词牌《渔歌子》即始于张志和写的《渔歌子》而得名。“子”即是“曲子”的简称。 ②西塞山：浙江湖州。 ③白鹭：一种白色的水鸟。 ④桃花流水：桃花盛开的季节正是春水盛涨的时候，俗称桃花汛或桃花水。 ⑤鳜（guì）鱼：淡水鱼，江南又称桂鱼，肉质鲜美。 ⑥箬（ruò）笠：竹叶或竹蔑做的斗笠。 ⑦蓑（suō）衣：用草或棕编制成的雨衣。 ⑧不须：不一定要。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这首词描写了江南水乡春汛时期捕鱼的情景。有鲜明的山光水色，有渔翁的形象，是一幅用写的山水画。首句“西塞山前白鹭飞”，“西塞山前”点明地点，“白鹭”是闲适的象征，写白鹭自在地飞翔，衬托渔父的悠闲自得。次句“桃花流水鳜鱼肥”意思是说：桃花盛开，江水猛涨，这时节鳜鱼长得正肥。这里挑红与水绿相映，是表现暮春西塞山前的湖光山色，渲染了渔父的生活环境。三四响“青若笠，绿袁衣，斜风细雨不须归”，描写了渔父捕鱼的情态。渔父戴青籍笠，穿绿袭衣，在斜风细雨中乐而忘归。“斜风”指微风。全诗着色明丽，用语活泼，生动地表现了渔父悠闲自在的生活情趣。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

此词当作于唐代宗大历八年（773）春。大历七年（772）九月，颜真卿任湖州刺史，次年到任。张志和驾舟往谒，时值暮春，桃花水涨，鳜鱼水美，他们即兴唱和，张志和首唱，作词五首，这首词是其中之一。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

《渔歌子》的体裁不是诗，而是词。

这首词前三句写景，时间在春季，地点是在西塞山前。

作者写景时十分注重色彩的描写，如鹭的颜色是白，桃花的颜色红。箸笠和裳衣的颜色分别是青和绿，给人秀丽、清新之感。

词的最后一句写人，生动地表现了渔夫悠闲自在的生活情趣。

此词在秀丽的水乡风光和理想化的渔人生活中，寄托了作者爱自由，爱自然的情怀。

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词中描写了江南水乡春汛时的山光水色和怡情悦性的渔人形象：春江水绿、烟雨迷蒙，雨中青山、江上渔舟，天空白鹭、岸畔桃红，江水猛涨，鳜鱼正肥时；青箬笠，绿蓑衣，渔人醉垂忘归时。全词着色明丽，用语活泼，生动地表现了渔夫悠闲自在的生活情趣。这是一幅用诗写成的山水画，这是一首色彩明优意万千，脱离尘俗钓湖烟。思深韵远情融景，生活任行乐自然的抒情诗。“西塞山前白鹭飞”首句，点明地点；此西塞山何处？鄂州、湖州？虽有异议，对词境来说倒无所谓。白鹭是自由、闲适的象征，“众禽无此格，玉立一间身。清似参禅客，癯如辟谷人”、“漠漠江湖自在飞，一身到处沾渔矶... 古诗文网>>

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创作背景

作者：佚名

　　唐代宗大历七年（772）九月，颜真卿任湖州刺史，次年到任。张志和驾舟往谒，时值暮春，桃花水涨，鳜鱼水美，他们即兴唱和，张志和首唱，作词五首，... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

张志和（730年(庚午年)～810年？），字子同，初名龟龄，汉族，婺州（今浙江金华）人，自号“烟波钓徒”，又号“玄真子”。唐代著名道士、词人和诗人。十六岁参加科举，以明经擢第，授左金吾卫录事参军，唐肃宗赐名为“志和”。因事获罪贬南浦尉，不久赦还。自此看破红尘，浪迹江湖，隐居祁门赤山镇。其兄张鹤龄担心他遁世不归，在越州（今绍兴市）城东筑茅屋让他居住。史载唐肃宗曾赐他奴婢各一人，张志和让他们结婚，取名渔童和樵青。著有《玄真子》集。百科详情>>

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