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平湖乐·尧庙秋社

【作者】王恽【朝代】元

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社坛烟淡散林鸦，把酒观多稼。
霹雳弦声斗高下，笑喧哗，壤歌亭外山如画。
朝来致有，西山爽气，不羡日夕佳。

译文注释

社日时期祭祀活动结束后，烟雾四散，乌鸦都归巢了。我手持酒杯，看繁茂的庄稼。喜庆活动喧闹无比，大家笑哈哈。壤歌亭外风景优美如画，微风徐来，让人十分舒畅。我如同晋朝那些名士悠闲而不羡荣华，也不羡慕陶渊明的隐居生活。

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译文注释

越调：宫调名。平湖乐：曲牌名。尧庙：在山西临汾境内汾水东八里。秋社：古代于春秋两季祭祀社神（土地神）。秋社在立秋之后的第五个戊日举行。社坛：祭祀社神的祭坛。多稼：丰收。壤歌亭：出自《击壤歌》，意思为尧庙中建筑名。据皇甫谧《帝王世纪》，尧时有老人击壤而歌，后人因以壤歌为尧时清平的象征。壤，一种履形的木制戏具。致有：尽有，有的是。日夕佳：晋陶渊明《饮酒》诗：山气日夕佳。主要表现一种非常自然的、非常率真的意境，禅意盎然，关于隐居生活的情趣。

来源：

赏析

古代的秋社，是从中央到地方民间都十分重视的祭祀活动。整个活动分为两大仪式，一是祭献，向以社神为代表的后土神祇敬献供品；二是娱神，包括赛社、演剧、民间歌舞聚饮等。此篇所写，祭献仪式已经结束，祭坛上的香烟渐渐消淡，就连争食坛上祭品的乌鸦也飞回了树林。作品由此时入手，除了因为第二仪式娱神活动是秋社的精华所在以外，还有他个人身份上的原因。原来像尧庙这种规格的秋社，祭献需由地方官员亲自主持参加，所谓刺史县令初献，上佐县丞亚献，州博士县簿尉终献（《宋史礼志》）。略去祭献繁文缛节的描写，也就表示他已经结束了官员在仪式中的任务，可以静下心来，把... >>

作者介绍

王恽，字仲谋，号秋涧，卫州路汲县（今河南卫辉市）人。元朝著名学者、诗人、政治家，一生仕宦，刚直不阿，清贫守职，好学善文。成为元世祖忽必烈、裕宗皇太子真金和成宗皇帝铁木真三代的谏臣。百科详情>>

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