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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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。

wén

文

wáng

王

yuē

曰

zī

咨

，

zī

咨

nǚ

女

yīn

殷

shāng

商

。

rú

如

tiáo

蜩

rú

如

táng

螗

，

rú

如

fèi

沸

rú

如

gēng

羹

。

xiǎo

小

dà

大

jìn

近

sàng

丧

，

rén

人

shàng

尚

hū

乎

yóu

由

xíng

行

。

nèi

内

bì

奰

yú

于

zhōng

中

guó

国

，

tán

覃

jí

及

guǐ

鬼

fāng

方

。

wén

文

wáng

王

yuē

曰

zī

咨

，

zī

咨

nǚ

女

yīn

殷

shāng

商

。

fěi

匪

shàng

上

dì

帝

bù

不

shí

时

，

yīn

殷

bù

不

yòng

用

jiù

旧

。

suī

虽

wú

无

lǎo

老

chéng

成

rén

人

，

shàng

尚

yǒu

有

diǎn

典

xíng

刑

。

céng

曾

shì

是

mò

莫

tīng

听

，

dà

大

mìng

命

yǐ

以

qīng

倾

。

wén

文

wáng

王

yuē

曰

zī

咨

，

zī

咨

nǚ

女

yīn

殷

shāng

商

。

rén

人

yì

亦

yǒu

有

yán

言

：

diān

颠

pèi

沛

zhī

之

jiē

揭

，

zhī

枝

yè

叶

wèi

未

yǒu

有

hài

害

，

běn

本

shí

实

xiān

先

bō

拨

。

yīn

殷

jiàn

鉴

bù

不

yuǎn

远

，

zài

在

xià

夏

hòu

后

zhī

之

shì

世

。

荡荡上帝，下民之辟。疾威上帝，其命多辟。天生烝民，其命匪谌。靡不有初，鲜克有终。
文王曰咨，咨汝殷商。曾是彊御？曾是掊克？曾是在位？曾是在服？天降滔德，女兴是力。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。而秉义类，彊御多怼。流言以对。寇攘式内。侯作侯祝，靡届靡究。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。女炰烋于中国。敛怨以为德。不明尔德，时无背无侧。尔德不明，以无陪无卿。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。天不湎尔以酒，不义从式。既衍尔止。靡明靡晦。式号式呼。俾昼作夜。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。小大近丧，人尚乎由行。内奰于中国，覃及鬼方。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。匪上帝不时，殷不用旧。虽无老成人，尚有典刑。曾是莫听，大命以倾。
文王曰咨，咨女殷商。人亦有言：颠沛之揭，枝叶未有害，本实先拨。殷鉴不远，在夏后之世。

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译文注释

上帝骄纵又放荡，他是下民的君王。上帝贪心又暴虐，政令邪僻太反常。上天生养众百姓，政令无信尽撒谎。万事开头讲得好，很少能有好收场。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！多少凶暴强横贼，敲骨吸髓又贪赃，窃据高位享厚禄，有权有势太猖狂。天降这些不法臣，助长国王逞强梁。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！你任善良以职位，凶暴奸臣心怏怏。面进谗言来诽谤，强横窃据朝廷上。诅咒贤臣害忠良，没完没了造祸殃。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！跋扈天下太狂妄，却把恶人当忠良。知人之明你没有，不知叛臣结朋党。知人之明你没有，不知公卿谁能当。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！上天未让你酗酒。也未让你用匪帮。礼节举止全不顾，没日没夜灌黄汤。狂呼乱叫不像样，日夜颠倒政事荒。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！百姓悲叹如蝉鸣，恰如落进沸水汤。大小事儿都不济，你却还是老模样。全国人民怒气生，怒火蔓延到远方。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！不是上帝心不好，是你不守旧规章。虽然身边没老臣，还有成法可依傍。这样不听人劝告，命将转移国将亡。文王开口叹声长，叹你殷商末代王！古人有话不可忘：“大树拔倒根出土，枝叶虽然暂不伤，树根已坏难久长。”殷商的借鉴并不遥远，应该知夏桀的下场。

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译文注释

（1）荡荡：放荡不守法制的样子。
（2）辟（bì）：君王。
（3）疾威：暴虐。
（4）辟：邪僻。
（5）烝：众。
（6）谌（chén）：诚信。
（7）鲜（xiǎn）：少。克：能。
（8）咨：感叹声。
（9）女（rǔ）：汝。
（10）曾是：怎么这样。彊御：强横凶暴。
（11）掊（póu）克：聚敛，搜括。
（12）服：任。
（13）滔：通“慆（tāo）”，放纵不法。
（14）兴：助长。力：勤，努力。
（15）而：尔，你。秉：把持，此指任用。义类：善类。
（16）怼（duì）：怨恨。
（17）寇攘：像盗寇一样掠取。式内：在朝廷内。
（18）侯：于是。作、祝：诅咒。
（19）届：尽。究：穷。
（20）炰烋（páo xiào）：同“咆哮”。
（21）无背无侧：不知有人背叛、反侧。
（22）陪：指辅佐之臣。
（23）湎（miǎn）：沉湎，沉迷。
（24）从：听从。式：任用。
（25）愆（qiān）：过错。止：容止。
（26）式：语助词。
（27）蜩（tiáo）：蝉。螗：又叫蝘，一种蝉。
（28）丧：败亡。
（29）由行：学老样。
（30）奰（bì）：愤怒。
（31）覃（tán）：延及。鬼方：指远方。
（32）时：善。
（33）典刑：同“典型”，指旧的典章法规。
（34）颠沛：跌仆，此指树木倒下。揭：举，此指树根翻出。
（35）本：根。拨：败。
（36）后：君主。

来源：古诗文网

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