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惠崇春江晚景

【作者】苏轼【朝代】宋

拼音

译文

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竹林外两三枝桃花初放，鸭子在水中游戏，它们最先察觉了初春江水的回暖。河滩上已经满是蒌蒿，芦苇也开始抽芽，而河豚此时正要逆流而上，从大海回游到江河里来了。

竹外桃花三两枝，春江水暖鸭先知。

竹林外两三枝桃花初放，鸭子在水中游戏，它们最先察觉了初春江水的回暖。

蒌蒿满地芦芽短，正是河豚欲上时。

河滩上已经满是蒌蒿，芦苇也开始抽芽，而河豚此时正要逆流而上，从大海回游到江河里来了。

竹外桃花三两枝，春江水暖鸭先知。
蒌蒿满地芦芽短，正是河豚欲上时。

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出自部编版三年级下《古诗三首》

《绝句》《三衢道中》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

⑴惠崇（亦为慧崇）：福建建阳僧，宋初九僧之一，能能画。《春江晚景》是惠崇所作画名，共两幅，一幅是鸭戏图，一幅是飞雁图。钱钟书《宋诗选注》中为“晓景”。诸多注本，有用“晓景”、有用“晚景”，此从《东坡全集》及清以前注本用“晚景”。这两诗是作者元丰八年春天在靖江欲南返时江边情景的写照。
⑵蒌蒿：草名，有青蒿、白蒿等种。《诗经》“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿。”芦芽：芦苇的幼芽，可食用。
⑶河豚：鱼的一种，学名“鲀”，肉味鲜美，但是卵巢和肝脏有剧毒。产于我国沿海和一些内河。每年春天逆江而上，在淡水中产卵。上：指逆江而上。
⑷归鸿：归雁。破群：离开飞行队伍。
⑸依依：不舍之貌。《楚辞》“恋恋兮依依。”归人：回家的人。刘长卿诗“柴门闻犬吠，风雪夜归人”。
⑹朔漠：北方沙漠之地。杜甫诗：“一去紫台连朔漠。”
⑺更待：再等；再过。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

这首诗题“鸭戏图”，再现了原画中的江南仲春景色，又融入诗人合理的想象，与原画相得益彰。　　“竹外桃花三两枝”，隔着疏落的翠竹望去，几枝桃花摇曳身姿。桃竹相衬，红绿掩映，春意格外惹人喜爱。这虽然只是简单一句，却透出很多信息。首先，它显示出竹林的稀疏，要是细密，就无法见到桃花了。其次，它表明季节，点出了一个“早”字。春寒刚过，还不是桃花怒放之时，但春天的无限生机和潜力，已经透露出来。“春江水暖鸭先知”，视觉由远及近，即从江岸到江面。江上春水荡漾，好动的鸭子在江水中嬉戏游玩。“鸭先知”侧面说明春江水还略带寒意，因而别的动物都还没有敏感到春天的来临，这就与首句中的桃花“三两枝”相呼应，表明早春时节。这句诗化用了唐人诗句：孟郊“何物最先知？虚虚草争出”，杜牧（一作许浑）“蒲根水暖雁初下，梅径香寒蜂未知”（《初春舟次》）。苏轼学古而不泥，前人诗句的造意，加上自己观察的积累，熔炼成这一佳句。“鸭知水暖”这种诉之于感觉和想象的事物，画面是难以传达的，诗人却通过设身处地的体会，在诗中表达出来。缘情体物又移情于物，江中自由嬉戏的鸭子最先感受到春水温度的回升，用触觉印象“暖”补充画中春水潋滟的视觉印象。鸭之所以能“先知春江水暖”是因为它们长年生活在水中，只要江水不结冰，它总要跳下去凫水嬉戏。因此，首先知道春江水温变化的自然就是这些与水有着密切关系的鸭子。这就说明：凡事都要亲历其境，才会有真实的感受。这句诗不仅反映了诗人对自然的入微观察，还凝聚了诗人对生活的哲理思索。鸭下水而知春江暖，可与“一叶落而知天下秋”相媲美，具有见微知著、举一反三的道理。“蒌蒿满地芦芽短”，这两句诗仍然紧扣“早春”来进行描写，那满地蒌蒿、短短的芦芽，黄绿相间、艳丽迷人，呈现出一派春意盎然、欣欣向荣的景象。“河豚欲上”借河豚只在春江水暖时才往上游的特征，进一步突出一个“春”字，本是画面所无，也是画笔难到的，可是诗人却成功地“状难写之景如在目前”，给整个画面注入了春天的气息和生命的活力。苏轼的学生张耒在《明道杂志》中也记载长江一带土人食河豚，“但用蒌蒿、荻笋即芦芽、菘菜三物”烹煮，认为这三样与河豚最适宜搭配。由此可见，苏轼的联想是有根有据的，也是自然而然的。诗意之妙，也有赖于此。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

　《惠崇春江晚景二首》是苏轼于公元1085年（神宗元丰八年）在汴京（今河南开封）为惠崇所绘的《春江晚景》两幅所写的题画诗。一说此诗作于江阴。本首诗是其第一首。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊 生字

惠崇（亦为慧崇）：福建建阳僧，宋初九僧之一，能诗能画。《春江晚景》是惠崇所作画名，共两幅，一幅是鸭戏图，一幅是飞雁图。钱钟书《宋诗选注》中为“晓景”。诸多注本，有用“晓景”、有用“晚景”，此从《东坡全集》及清以前注本用“晚景”。

蒌蒿：草名，有青蒿、白蒿等种。芦芽：芦苇的幼芽，可食用。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

yuān

释义 1.［鸳鸯（yāng）］鸟名。形似野鸭而略小，雄性毛色绚丽，头后有赤铜色冠毛，眼棕色，眼圈为黄白色，嘴红，脚黄。雌性体稍小，背部苍褐色，腹部纯白，嘴灰黑。善游水，飞行力强，雄雌成对生活，别名“匹鸟”。湖泊、溪流是其栖息地； 2.喻指夫妻或与夫妻相关或像鸳鸯一样成双的物体

yāng

释义 1.［鸳（yuān）鸯］见“{鸳}”

huì

释义 1.好处；恩惠 2.给人好处 3.敬辞。表示对方的行动是对自己的恩惠 4.温和；柔顺 5.仁爱

chóng

释义 1.高 2.尊重；推重 3.（Chónɡ）姓

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这两首诗是苏轼题在惠崇所画的《春江晓景》上的。惠崇原画已失，这首诗有的版本题作《春江晓景》，现已无从考证。画以鲜明的形象，使人有具体的视觉感受，但它只能表现一个特定的画面，有一定的局限性。而一首好诗，虽无可视的图像，却能用形象的语言，吸引读者进入一个通过诗人独特构思而形成的美的意境，以弥补某些画面所不能表现的东西。其一“竹外桃花三两枝”，隔着疏落的翠竹望去，几枝桃花摇曳身姿。桃竹相衬，红绿掩映，春意格外惹人喜爱。这虽然只是简单一句，却透出很多信息。首先，它显示出竹林的稀疏，要是细密，就无法见到桃花了。其次，它表明季节，点出了一个... 古诗文网>>

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　　《惠崇春江晚景二首》是苏轼于神宗元丰八年（1085年）在汴京（今河南开封）为惠崇所绘的《春江晚景》两幅所写的题画。一说此诗作于江阴。古诗文网>>

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苏轼（1037年1月8日－1101年8月24日），字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，世称“苏东坡”。汉族，眉州人。北宋诗人、词人，宋代文学家，是豪放派词人的主要代表之一，“唐宋八大家”之一。在政治上属于旧党，但也有改革弊政的要求。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，其诗题材广泛，内容丰富，现存诗3900余首。代表作品有《水调歌头·中秋》、《赤壁赋》、《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》、《记承天寺夜游》等。百科详情>>

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