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金陵五题·石头城

【作者】刘禹锡【朝代】唐

拼音

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shān

山

wéi

围

gù

故

guó

国

zhōu

周

zāo

遭

zài

在

，

cháo

潮

dǎ

打

kōng

空

chéng

城

jì

寂

mò

寞

huí

回

。

huái

淮

shuǐ

水

dōng

东

biān

边

jiù

旧

shí

时

yuè

月

，

yè

夜

shēn

深

hái

还

guò

过

nǚ

女

qiáng

墙

lái

来

。

山围故国周遭在，潮打空城寂寞回。
淮水东边旧时月，夜深还过女墙来。

标签:

咏史怀古咏物地名

译文注释

群山依旧，环绕着废弃的故都，潮水如昔，拍打着寂寞的空城。
淮水东边，古老而清冷的圆月，夜半时分，窥视这昔日的皇宫。

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译文注释

石头城：位于今南京市西清凉山上，三国时孙吴就石壁筑城戍守，称石头城。后人也每以石头城指建业。曾为吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈六朝都城，至唐废弃。今为南京市。
故国：即旧都。石头城在六朝时代一直是国都。
周遭：环绕。
淮水：指贯穿石头城的秦淮河。
旧时：指汉魏六朝时。
女墙：指石头城上的矮城。

来源：

赏析

这首诗咏怀石头城，表面看句句写景，实际上句句抒情。诗人写了山、水、明月和城墙等荒凉景色，写景之中，深寓著诗人对六朝兴亡和人事变迁的慨叹，悲凉之气笼罩全诗。
诗一开始，就置读者于苍莽悲凉的氛围之中。开头两句写江山如旧，而城已荒废。山围故国周遭在，首句写山。山围故国，故国即旧城，就是石头城，城外有山耸立江边，围绕如垣墙，所以说山围故国。周遭，环绕的意思。潮打空城寂寞回，这句写水。潮打空城，石头城西北有长江流过，江潮拍打石墙，但是，城已荒废，成了古迹，所以说潮打空城。这两句总写江山如旧，而石头城已荒芜，情调悲凉，感慨极深。古诗文网>>

这是一首咏石头城的七言绝句。石头城即金陵城。在今江苏省南京市清凉山。南京的江山形胜，素有“虎踞龙盘”之称，是东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈建都之地。六代豪奢，醉生梦死，追欢逐乐，诗家称之为“金粉六朝 ”。但由于荒淫误国，这一个一个朝代皆灭亡得极快，“悲恨相续”。这“虎踞龙盘”的六朝豪华之都，也就荒凉下来了。刘禹锡于唐敬宗宝历二年（826 ）罢归洛阳，路过金陵，见昔日豪华胜地，已成了一座“空城”，感慨万分，于是写下了这首怀古诗篇。
开头两句写江山如旧，而城已荒废。“山围故国周遭在 ”，首句写山。“山围故国”，“... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

刘禹锡（772－842年），字梦得，晚年自号庐山人，汉族，中国唐朝洛阳（今河南洛阳）人。自言系出中山（今河北定州），其先中山靖王刘胜，又自称“家本荥上，籍占洛阳”。近人卞孝萱则提出刘禹锡是匈奴族后裔，出生于嘉兴的新说，据邓声斌先生考证其父刘绪遭遇安史之乱，举族东迁定居彭城。刘禹锡为贞元九年（793）进士。初在淮南节度使杜佑幕府中任记室，为杜佑所器重。后从杜佑入朝，为监察御史。贞元末，与柳宗元，陈谏、韩晔等结交于王叔文，形成了一个以王叔文为首的政治集团。后任朗州司马、连州刺史、夔州刺史、和州刺史、主客郎中、礼部郎中、苏州刺史等职，刘禹锡的最后一任是太子宾客，故后世题他的诗文集为《刘宾客集》。白居易赞其“彭城刘梦得，诗豪者也”，故刘禹锡又有有中唐“诗豪”之称，是中唐杰出的政治家、哲学家、诗人和散文家。百科详情>>

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