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九日闲居·并序

【作者】陶渊明【朝代】魏晋

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余闲居，爱重九之名。秋菊盈园，而持醪靡由，空服九华，寄怀于言。
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往燕无遗影，来雁有余声。
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如何蓬庐士，空视时运倾！
尘爵耻虚罍，寒华徒自荣。
敛襟独闲谣，缅焉起深情。
栖迟固多娱，淹留岂无成。

标签:

节日人生重阳节感叹场景饮酒

译文注释

我闲居无事，颇喜重九这个节名。秋菊满园，想喝酒但没有酒可喝，独自空对着秋菊丛，因写下此诗以寄托怀抱。人生短促，忧思往往很多，可人们还是盼望成为寿星。日月依着季节来到，民间都喜欢重阳这好听的节名。露水出现了，暖风已经停息。空气澄澈，日月星辰分外光明。飞去的燕子已不见踪影，飞来的大雁萦绕着余音。只有酒能驱除种种忧虑，只有菊才懂得益寿延龄。茅草屋里的清贫士，徒然看着时运的变更。酒杯积灰，酒樽也感到羞耻；寒菊空自开放，也让人难以为情。整整衣襟，独自个悠然歌咏，深思遐想勾起了一片深情。盘桓休憩本有很多欢乐，隐居乡里难道就无一事成！

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译文注释

爱重九之名：农历九月九日为重九；古人认为九属阳之数，故重九又称重阳。九和久谐音，有活得长久之意，所以说爱重九之名。
醪：汁滓混合的酒，即浊酒，今称甜酒或醪糟。
靡：无。靡由，即无来由，指无从饮酒。
服：用，这里转为欣赏之意。
九华：重九之花，即菊花。华，同花。
世短意常多：人生短促，忧思往往很多。这句本《古诗十九首》其十五生年不满百，常怀千岁忧之意。
斯人：指人人。
乐久生：喜爱活得长久。
依辰至：依照季节到来。
辰：指日、月的衷会点。
举俗爱其名：整个社会风俗都喜爱重九的名称。
露凄：秋霜凄凉。
暄风：暖风，指夏季的风。
气澈：空气清澈。
天象明：天空明朗。
往燕二句：南去的燕子已无踪影，从北方飞来的大雁鸣声不绝。
祛：除去。
制：止，约束，节制。
颓龄：衰暮之年。
蓬庐士：居住在茅草房子中的人，即贫士，作者自指。
空视时运倾：指易代之事。
空视：意谓白白地看着。
时运：时节，这里指重九节。
倾：斜，引申为转迁的意思。
尘爵耻虚罍：酒杯的生尘是空酒壶的耻辱。
爵：饮酒器，指酒杯。因无酒而生灰尘，故曰尘爵。
罍：古代器名，用以盛酒或水，这里指大酒壶。
寒华：指秋菊。
徒：徒然，白白地。
荣：开花。
敛襟：整一整衣襟，指正坐。
谣：不用乐器伴奏的歌唱。这里指作诗。
缅：遥远的样子，形容后面的深情。
栖迟：隐居而游息的意思。栖，宿；迟，缓。
淹留岂无成：反用《楚辞九辨》蹇淹留而无成，意谓长期隐退，难道就一事无成！
淹留：久留，指长期隐退。

来源：

赏析

据《宋书·陶潜传》载陶渊明归隐后闲居家中，某年九月九日重阳节，宅边的菊花正开，然因家贫无酒，遂在菊花丛中坐了很久，正在惆怅感伤之际，忽然做江州刺史的王宏派人送来了酒，渊明也不推辞，开怀畅饮，饮则醉，醉则归，不拘礼仪，颓然自放，表现了他不受拘束，纯任自然的天性。这首根据其小序中所说的情形来看，与此诗中所叙之事略同，考王宏为江州刺史始于公元418年（义熙十四年），时渊明已过五十五岁，可见此诗是他的晚年所作。
重阳节自古有饮菊花酒的习俗，据说如此可以延年益寿，《西京杂记》云：“九月九日佩茱萸，食蓬饵，饮菊花酒，令人长寿。”然而... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后因厌烦官场辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》《归园田居》《桃花源记》《五柳先生传》《归去来兮辞》等。百科详情>>

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