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大田

【作者】《诗经·小雅·北山之什》【朝代】先秦

拼音

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不

láng

稂

bù

不

yǒu

莠

。

qù

去

qí

其

míng

螟

tè

螣

，

jí

及

qí

其

máo

蟊

zéi

贼

，

wú

无

hài

害

wǒ

我

tián

田

zhì

稚

。

tián

田

zǔ

祖

yǒu

有

shén

神

，

bǐng

秉

bì

畀

yán

炎

huǒ

火

。

yǒu

有

yǎn

渰

qī

萋

qī

萋

，

xīng

兴

yǔ

雨

qí

祈

qí

祈

。

yǔ

雨

wǒ

我

gōng

公

tián

田

，

suì

遂

jí

及

wǒ

我

sī

私

。

bǐ

彼

yǒu

有

bù

不

huò

获

zhì

稚

，

cǐ

此

yǒu

有

bù

不

liǎn

敛

jì

穧

，

bǐ

彼

yǒu

有

yí

遗

bǐng

秉

，

cǐ

此

yǒu

有

zhì

滞

suì

穗

，

yī

伊

guǎ

寡

fù

妇

zhī

之

lì

利

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

lái

来

zhǐ

止

，

yǐ

以

qí

其

fù

妇

子

。

yè

馌

bǐ

彼

nán

南

mǔ

亩

，

tián

田

jùn

畯

zhì

至

xǐ

喜

。

lái

来

fāng

方

yīn

禋

sì

祀

，

yǐ

以

qí

其

xīng

骍

hēi

黑

，

yǔ

与

qí

其

shǔ

黍

jì

稷

。

yǐ

以

xiǎng

享

yǐ

以

sì

祀

，

yǐ

以

jiè

介

jǐng

景

fú

福

。

大田多稼，既种既戒，既备乃事。以我覃耜，俶载南亩。播厥百谷，既庭且硕，曾孙是若。
既方既皂，既坚既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊贼，无害我田稚。田祖有神，秉畀炎火。
有渰萋萋，兴雨祈祈。雨我公田，遂及我私。彼有不获稚，此有不敛穧，彼有遗秉，此有滞穗，伊寡妇之利。
曾孙来止，以其妇子。馌彼南亩，田畯至喜。来方禋祀，以其骍黑，与其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。

标签:

祭祀目的诗经

译文注释

大田宽广作物多，选了种籽修家伙，事前准备都完妥。掮起我那锋快犁，开始田里干农活。播下黍稷诸谷物，苗儿挺拔又壮茁，曾孙称心好快活。
　　庄稼抽穗已结实，籽粒饱满长势好，没有空穗和杂草。害虫螟螣全除掉，蟊虫贼虫逃不了，不许伤害我嫩苗。多亏农神来保佑，投进大火将虫烧。
　　凉风凄凄云满天，小雨飘下细绵绵。雨点落在公田里，同时洒到我私田。那儿谷嫩不曾割，这儿几株漏田间；那儿掉下一束禾，这儿散穗三五点，照顾寡妇任她捡。
　　曾孙视察已来临，碰上农妇孩子们。他们送饭到田头，田畯看见好开心。曾孙来到正祭神，黄牛黑猪案上陈，小米高粱配嘉珍。献上祭品行祭礼，祈求大福赐苍生。

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译文注释

（1）大田：面积广阔的农田。稼：种庄稼。
（2）既：已经。种：指选种籽。戒：同“械”，此指修理农业器械。
（3）乃事：这些事。
（4）覃（yǎn）：“剡”，锋利。耜（sì）：古代一种似锹的农具。
（5）俶（chù）载：开始从事。
（6）厥：其。
（7）庭：通“挺”，挺拔。硕：大。
（8）曾孙是若：顺了曾孙的愿望。曾孙，周王对他的祖先和其他的神，都自称曾孙。若，顺。
（9）方：通“房”，指谷粒已生嫩壳，但还没有合满。皁（zào）：指谷壳已经结成，但还未坚实。
（10）稂（láng）：指穗粒空瘪的禾。莠（yǒu）：田间似禾的杂草，也称狗尾巴草。
（11）螟（míng）：吃禾心的害虫。螣（tè）：吃禾叶的青虫。
（12）蟊（máo）：吃禾根的虫。贼：吃禾节的虫。
（13）稚：幼禾。
（14）田祖：农神。
（15）秉：执持。畀：给与。炎火：大火。
（16）有渰（yǎn）：即“渰渰”，阴云密布的样子。
（17）祁祁：徐徐。
（18）公田：公家的田。古代井田制，井田九区，中间百亩为公田，周围八区，八家各百亩为私田。八家共养公田。公田收获归农奴主所有。
（19）私：私田。
（20）稚：低小的穗。
（21）穧（jì）：已割而未收的禾把。
（22）秉：把，捆扎成束的禾把。
（23）滞：遗留。
（24）伊：是。
（25）馌（yè）：送饭。南亩：泛指农田。
（26）田畯（jùn）：周代农官，掌管监督农奴的农事工作。
（27）禋（yīn）祀：升烟以祭，古代祭天的典礼，也泛指祭祀。
（28）骍（xīn）：赤色牛。黑：指黑色的猪羊。
（29）介：“丐”的假借，祈求。景福：大福。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此诗与《小雅·甫田》是姊妹篇，同是周王祭祀田祖等神祇的祈年诗。《甫田》写周王巡视春耕生产，因“省耕”而祈求粮食生产有“千斯仓”“万斯箱”的丰收；《大田》写周王督察秋季收获，因“省敛”而祈求今后更大的福祉。春耕秋敛，前呼后应，两篇合起来为后人提供了西周农业生产方式、生产关系等相当真实具体和丰富的历史资料，是《诗经》中不可多得的重要的农事诗。这两篇在写法上也各有侧重，互为补充，诚如方玉润《诗经原始》末章眉评所云：“前篇详于察与省，而略于耕；此篇详于敛与耕，而略于省与察。”
全诗四章，其中第三章最重要也最精采，其他各章如众星之... 古诗文网>>

大田

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