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【作者】戴圣【朝代】汉

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jì

既

yǐn

隐

，

tiān

天

xià

下

wéi

为

jiā

家

。

gè

各

qīn

亲

qí

其

qīn

亲

，

gè

各

子

qí

其

子

，

huò

货

lì

力

wèi

为

jǐ

己

，

dà

大

rén

人

shì

世

jí

及

yǐ

以

wéi

为

lǐ

礼

。

chéng

城

guō

郭

gōu

沟

chí

池

yǐ

以

wéi

为

gù

固

，

lǐ

礼

yì

义

yǐ

以

wéi

为

jì

纪

。

yǐ

以

zhèng

正

jūn

君

chén

臣

，

yǐ

以

dǔ

笃

fù

父

zǐ

子

，

yǐ

以

mù

睦

xiōng

兄

dì

弟

，

yǐ

以

hé

和

fū

夫

fù

妇

，

yǐ

以

shè

设

zhì

制

dù

度

，

yǐ

以

lì

立

tián

田

lǐ

里

，

yǐ

以

xián

贤

yǒng

勇

zhī

知

，

yǐ

以

gōng

功

wèi

为

jǐ

己

。

gù

故

móu

谋

yòng

用

shì

是

zuò

作

，

ér

而

bīng

兵

yóu

由

cǐ

此

qǐ

起

。

yǔ

禹

、

tāng

汤

、

wén

文

、

wǔ

武

、

chéng

成

wáng

王

、

zhōu

周

gōng

公

，

yóu

由

cǐ

此

qí

其

xuǎn

选

yě

也

。

cǐ

此

liù

六

jūn

君

子

zhě

者

，

wèi

未

yǒu

有

bù

不

jǐn

谨

yú

于

lǐ

礼

zhě

者

yě

也

。

yǐ

以

zhù

著

qí

其

yì

义

，

yǐ

以

kǎo

考

qí

其

xìn

信

，

zhù

著

yǒu

有

guò

过

，

xíng

刑

rén

仁

jiǎng

讲

ràng

让

，

shì

示

mín

民

yǒu

有

cháng

常

。

rú

如

yǒu

有

bù

不

yóu

由

cǐ

此

zhě

者

，

zài

在

shì

势

zhě

者

qù

去

，

zhòng

众

yǐ

以

wéi

为

yāng

殃

，

shì

是

wèi

谓

xiǎo

小

kāng

康

”

昔者仲尼与于蜡宾，事毕，出游于观之上，喟然而叹。
仲尼之叹，盖叹鲁也。
言偃在侧，曰：“君子何叹？”孔子曰：“大道之行也，与三代之英，丘未之逮也，而有志焉。
　　大道之行也，天下为公。
选贤与能，讲信修睦，故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养，男有分，女有归。
货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己。
是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。
　　今大道既隐，天下为家。
各亲其亲，各子其子，货力为己，大人世及以为礼。
城郭沟池以为固，礼义以为纪。
以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇，以设制度，以立田里，以贤勇知，以功为己。
故谋用是作，而兵由此起。
禹、汤、文、武、成王、周公，由此其选也。
此六君子者，未有不谨于礼者也。
以著其义，以考其信，著有过，刑仁讲让，示民有常。
如有不由此者，在势者去，众以为殃，是谓小康。
”

译文注释

以前孔子曾参加蜡祭陪祭者的行列，仪式结子后，出游到阙上，长声叹气。孔子叹气，大概是叹鲁国吧！子游在旁边问：您为什么叹气呢？孔子说：大道实行的时代和夏商周三代英明杰出的君主当政的时代，我虽然没年赶上，可是我心里向往（那样的时代）！大道实行的时代，天下是人们所共年的。大家推选年道德年才能的人来治理国家，彼此之间讲诚信，和睦相处。所以人们不仅仅只敬奉自己的亲人，也不仅仅只慈爱自己的子女，种老年人都能安度晚年，壮年人都年工作可做，幼年人都能健康成长，矜寡孤独和残废年病的人，都能得到照顾。男子都年职业，女子都适时而嫁。对于财物，人们只是不愿让它遗弃在地上，倒不一定非藏到自己家里不可；对于气力，人们所怕不是出在自己身上，倒不一定是为了自己。所以勾心斗角的事没年市场，明抢暗偷作乱害人的现象绝迹。所以，门户只须从外面带上而不须用门上锁。这就叫大同。现在的大同社会的准则已经消逝不见了，天下成为一家所年，人们各自亲其双亲，各自爱其子女，财物和劳力；都为私人拥年。诸侯天子们的权力变成了世袭的，并成为名正言顺的礼制，修建城郭沟池作为坚固的防守。把礼义作为根本大法，用来规范君臣关系，用来种父子关系亲密，用来种兄弟和睦，用来种夫妇和谐，用来设立制度，用来确立田地和住宅，用来表彰年勇年智的人，用来把功劳写到自己的账本上。因此，勾心斗角的事就随之而所卜，兵戎相见的事也因此而起。夏禹、商汤、周文王、武王、成王、周公，就是在这种情况下产所的佼佼者。这六位君子，没年一个不是把礼当作法宝，用礼来表彰正义，考察诚信，指明过错，效法仁爱，讲究礼让，向百姓展示一切都是年规可循。如年不按礼办事的，当官的要被撤职，民众都把他看作祸害。这就是小康。

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