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小雅·甫田

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

拼音

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nǐ

薿

，

yōu

攸

jiè

介

yōu

攸

zhǐ

止

，

zhēng

烝

wǒ

我

máo

髦

shì

士

。

yǐ

以

wǒ

我

qí

齐

míng

明

，

yǔ

与

wǒ

我

xī

牺

yáng

羊

，

yǐ

以

shè

社

yǐ

以

fāng

方

。

wǒ

我

tián

田

jì

既

zāng

臧

，

nóng

农

fū

夫

zhī

之

qìng

庆

。

qín

琴

sè

瑟

jī

击

gǔ

鼓

，

yǐ

以

yù

御

tián

田

zǔ

祖

。

yǐ

以

qí

祈

gān

甘

yǔ

雨

，

yǐ

以

jiè

介

wǒ

我

jì

稷

shǔ

黍

，

yǐ

以

gǔ

穀

wǒ

我

shì

士

nǚ

女

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

lái

来

zhǐ

止

，

yǐ

以

qí

其

fù

妇

子

。

yè

馌

bǐ

彼

nán

南

mǔ

亩

，

tián

田

jùn

畯

zhì

至

xǐ

喜

。

rǎng

攘

qí

其

zuǒ

左

yòu

右

，

cháng

尝

qí

其

zhǐ

旨

fǒu

否

。

hé

禾

yì

易

zhǎng

长

mǔ

亩

，

zhōng

终

shàn

善

qiě

且

yǒu

有

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

bù

不

nù

怒

，

nóng

农

fū

夫

kè

克

mǐn

敏

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

zhī

之

jià

稼

，

rú

如

cí

茨

rú

如

liáng

梁

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

zhī

之

yǔ

庾

，

rú

如

chí

坻

rú

如

jīng

京

。

nǎi

乃

qiú

求

qiān

千

sī

斯

cāng

仓

，

nǎi

乃

qiú

求

wàn

万

sī

斯

xiāng

箱

。

shǔ

黍

jì

稷

dào

稻

liáng

粱

，

nóng

农

fū

夫

zhī

之

qìng

庆

。

bào

报

yǐ

以

jiè

介

fú

福

，

wàn

万

shòu

寿

wú

无

jiāng

疆

。

倬彼甫田，岁取十千。我取其陈，食我农人。自古有年。今适南亩，或耘或耔。黍稷薿薿，攸介攸止，烝我髦士。
以我齐明，与我牺羊，以社以方。我田既臧，农夫之庆。琴瑟击鼓，以御田祖。以祈甘雨，以介我稷黍，以穀我士女。
曾孙来止，以其妇子。馌彼南亩，田畯至喜。攘其左右，尝其旨否。禾易长亩，终善且有。曾孙不怒，农夫克敏。
曾孙之稼，如茨如梁。曾孙之庾，如坻如京。乃求千斯仓，乃求万斯箱。黍稷稻粱，农夫之庆。报以介福，万寿无疆。

标签:

祭祀目的乐歌诗经

译文注释

那片田地多么宽广，每年能收千万担粮。我拿出其中的陈谷，来把我的农夫供养。遇上古来少见的好年成，快去南亩走一趟。只见有的锄草有的培土，密麻麻的小米和高粱。等到长大成熟后，田官向我来献上。
　　为我备好祭祀用的谷物，还有那毛色纯一的羔羊，请土地和四方神灵来分享。我的庄稼既获丰收，就是农夫的喜庆和报偿。大家弹起琴瑟敲起鼓，迎来神农表述愿望，祈求上苍普降甘霖，使我的作物丰茂茁壮，让老爷小姐们温饱永昌。
　　曾孙兴致勃勃地来到田间，带着妻子和儿女，把饭菜亲自送到南亩旁。田官见了格外高兴，特意叫来左右农人，一起把滋味细细品尝。壮实的禾谷覆盖着长陇，长得又好又多丰收在望。曾孙见了非常满意，不时将农夫的勤勉夸奖。
　　曾孙的庄稼堆得高高，就像屋顶和桥梁。曾孙的粮仓装得满满，就像小丘和山冈。快快筑起谷囤千座，快快造好车马万辆。把收下的谷物全都装上，农夫们相互庆贺喜气洋洋。这是神灵回报曾孙的大福，祝愿他长命百岁万寿无疆。

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译文注释

（1）倬：广阔。甫：大。
（2）十千：言其多。
（3）有年：丰收年。
（4）适：去，至。
（5）耘：锄草。耔（zǐ）：培土。
（6）黍稷：谷类作物。薿（nǐ）薿：茂盛的样子。
（7）攸：乃，就。介：长大。止：至。
（8）烝：进呈。髦士：英俊人士。
（9）齐（zī）明：即粢盛，祭祀用的谷物。
（10）牺：祭祀用的纯毛牲口。
（11）以：用作。社：祭土地神。方：祭四方神。
（12）臧：好，此指丰收。
（13）御（yà）：同“迓”，迎接。田祖：指神农氏。
（14）祈：祈祷求告。
（15）谷：养活。士女：贵族男女。
（16）曾孙：周王自称，相对神灵和祖先而言。止：语助词。
（17）馌（yè）：送饭。
（18）田畯：农官。
（19）旨：美味。
（20）易：治理。
（21）终：既。有：富足。
（22）克：能。敏：勤快。
（23）茨：茅屋顶。粱：桥梁。
（24）庾：粮仓。
（25）坻（chí）：小丘。京：冈峦。
（26）箱：车箱。
（27）介福：大福。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此诗之作，《毛诗序》说：“刺幽王也。君子伤今思古焉。”郑玄笺说：“刺者刺其仓廪空虚，政烦赋重，农人失职。”宋人朱熹首先对此说表示异议，他认为“此诗述公卿有田禄者，力于农事，以奉方社田祖之祭”（《诗集传》）。现从诗的内容来看，朱熹的看法比较符合实际；但诗中自称“曾孙”，按周代君王对祖先和神灵的称呼习惯，则作者当是君王本人，或者至少是代君王而作。因此，这应是周王祭祀方（四方之神）社（土地神）田祖（农神）的祈年乐歌。
乐歌共分四章。第一章首述大田农事。这是一片广袤肥沃的农田，每年都能收获上万担米粮。靠着储存在仓内的谷物，养活了... 古诗文网>>

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