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癸卯岁，西原贼入道州，焚烧杀掠，几尽而去。明年，贼又攻永破邵，不犯此州边鄙而退。岂力能制敌与？盖蒙其伤怜而已。诸使何为忍苦征敛，故作诗一篇以示官吏。
昔岁逢太平，山林二十年。
泉源在庭户，洞壑当门前。
井税有常期，日晏犹得眠。
忽然遭世变，数岁亲戎旃。
今来典斯郡，山夷又纷然。
城小贼不屠，人贫伤可怜。
是以陷邻境，此州独见全。
使臣将王命，岂不如贼焉。
今彼征敛者，迫之如火煎。
谁能绝人命，以作时世贤。
思欲委符节，引竿自刺船。
将家就鱼麦，归老江湖边。

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情感同情目的唐诗三百首批判

译文注释

癸卯年，西原贼人攻入道州城，焚烧杀戮掠夺，几乎扫光全城才走。第二年，贼人又攻打永州并占领邵州，却不侵犯道州边境而去。难道道州官兵能有力制敌吗？不过是蒙受贼人的哀怜而巳。催缴赋税的官吏为什么还如此忍心苦苦搜括呢？因此作一篇给官吏们看看。
我早年遇到了太平世道，在山林中隐居了二十年。
清泉水流经过我家门口，山涧洞谷对着我家门前。
田租赋税有个固定期限，日上三竿依然安稳酣眠。
忽然间遭遇到世道突变，数年来亲自从军上前线。
如今我来治理这个郡县，又遇到蛮夷来骚扰侵犯。
县城太小蛮夷无意洗劫，百姓贫穷他们也觉可怜。
因此他们攻陷邻县境界，唯有这个道州独自保全。
奉皇命来收租税的使臣，难道还比不上盗贼慈善？
现在那横征暴敛的官吏，催赋逼税恰如火烧油煎。
谁忍心断绝人民的生路，换取时世所称赞的忠贤？
我想辞去官职丢弃符节，拿起竹篙自己动手撑船。
带领全家回到鱼米之乡，告老归隐住在那江湖边。

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赏析

这是斥责统治者横征暴敛的诗。诗序交代了历史背景，然后在诗中表现了官吏不顾人民死活，与“夷贼”比较起来，有过之而无不及。
全诗共分四段。前六句为第一段，写昔岁太平日子，生活的安适。七至十四句为第二段，写“今”，写“贼”。对“贼”褒扬。十五至廿句，为第三段，写“今”，写“官”。抨击官吏，不顾丧乱人民之苦，横征暴敛。最后四句为第四段，写自己的心志：宁愿弃官，也不愿做所谓“忠臣、贤臣”。宁愿归隐江湖，洁身自好，也不愿作为帮凶，坑害人民。
诗直陈事实，直抒胸臆，不雕琢矫饰，感情真挚。不染污泥、芳洁自好。诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

元结（719～772年），字次山，号漫叟、聱叟，文学家。天宝六载(747)应举落第后，归隐商余山。天宝十二载进士及第。安禄山反，曾率族人避难猗玗洞（今湖北大冶境内），因号猗玗子。乾元二年(759)，任山南东道节度使史翙幕参谋，招募义兵，抗击史思明叛军，保全十五城。代宗时，任道州刺史，调容州，加封容州都督充本管经略守捉使，政绩颇丰。大历七年(772)入朝，同年卒于长安。百科详情>>

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