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田家行

【作者】王建【朝代】唐

拼音

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nán

男

shēng

声

xīn

欣

xīn

欣

nǚ

女

yán

颜

yuè

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，

rén

人

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言

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语

bié

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wǔ

五

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月

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热

mài

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yán

檐

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yě

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cán

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zuò

作

jiǎn

茧

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，

yè

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pū

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pū

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mài

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shàng

上

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zhóu

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的

zhī

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，

bú

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县

mén

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。

男声欣欣女颜悦，人家不怨言语别。
五月虽热麦风清，檐头索索缲车鸣。
野蚕作茧人不取，叶间扑扑秋蛾生。
麦收上场绢在轴，的知输得官家足。
不望入口复上身，且免向城卖黄犊。
回家衣食无厚薄，不见县门身即乐。

标签:

生活乐府人物农民

译文注释

乡间农家欢欣鼓舞，喜乐自得，平日的愁怨一洗而空，连话语的音调也与平常不同。炎炎夏日，麦浪滚滚，夏粮丰收了。夏茧也丰收了，檐头缲车索索作响，野蚕作茧无人收取，只得自生自灭。一派丰收之景，但麦打成粮，蚕茧织成绢丝，乡民却无法自己享受这些劳动成果，而不得不把粮、绢的大部分送给官家缴纳赋税。在这丰收的年景里，他们并不指望打下的粮食自己吃，织好的绢自己穿，只指望能免除到城里卖黄犊，以缴纳官府的横敛就行了。乡民们说自家并不计较是否吃得好穿得好，认为只要不进县衙门吃官司那就是最大的幸福了。

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译文注释

①男声欣欣女颜悦：此句运用了互文手法，不可解为只有男子才欢欣地喊叫，只有女子脸上才露出了笑容。其实无论男女，他们的声音，他们的容颜，都显露出喜乐自得的样子。
②檐头：原指屋檐的边沿，此处应指屋檐下。缲车：即“缫车”，缫丝用的器具。
③轴：此处指织绢的机轴。
④黄犊：指小牛。

来源：古诗文网

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　　此以“乐”来写农家之苦，立意精巧，讽刺深刻。仲夏时节，农民麦、茧喜获丰收，却被官府洗劫一空，无法享受自己的劳动果实，只能过着“衣食无厚薄”的悲惨... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

王建（约767～831年），字仲初，颍川（今河南省许昌市）人，唐朝著名诗人。出身寒微，虽曾进士及第，却只作过几任小官。以乐府诗著称于世，写下了许多从不同侧面反映社会矛盾和民间疾苦的作品。善写七言歌行，绝少直发议论，语言通俗明快，凝练精悍，世称“张王乐府”。有《王司马集》行世。百科详情>>

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