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妾薄命·为曾南丰作

【作者】陈师道【朝代】宋

拼音

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zhǔ

主

jiā

家

shí

十

èr

二

lóu

楼

，

yī

一

shēn

身

dāng

当

sān

三

qiān

千

。

gǔ

古

lái

来

qiè

妾

bó

薄

mìng

命

，

shì

事

zhǔ

主

bù

不

jìn

尽

nián

年

。

qǐ

起

wǔ

舞

wéi

为

zhǔ

主

shòu

寿

，

xiāng

相

sòng

送

nán

南

yáng

阳

qiān

阡

。

rěn

忍

zhù

著

zhǔ

主

yī

衣

shang

裳

，

wèi

为

rén

人

zuò

作

chūn

春

yán

妍

。

yǒu

有

shēng

声

dāng

当

chè

彻

tiān

天

，

yǒu

有

lèi

泪

dāng

当

chè

彻

quán

泉

。

sǐ

死

zhě

者

kǒng

恐

wú

无

zhī

知

，

qiè

妾

shēn

身

cháng

长

zì

自

lián

怜

。

yè

叶

luò

落

fēng

风

bù

不

qǐ

起

，

shān

山

kōng

空

huā

花

zì

自

hóng

红

。

juān

捐

shì

世

bù

不

dài

待

lǎo

老

，

huì

惠

qiè

妾

wú

无

qí

其

zhōng

终

。

yī

一

sǐ

死

shàng

尚

kě

可

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，

bǎi

百

suì

岁

hé

何

dāng

当

qióng

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tiān

天

dì

地

qǐ

岂

bù

不

kuān

宽

？

qiè

妾

shēn

身

zì

自

bù

不

róng

容

。

sǐ

死

zhě

者

rú

如

yǒu

有

zhī

知

，

shā

杀

shēn

身

yǐ

以

xiāng

相

cóng

从

。

xiàng

向

lái

来

gē

歌

wǔ

舞

dì

地

，

yè

夜

yǔ

雨

míng

鸣

hán

寒

qióng

蛩

。

主家十二楼，一身当三千。
古来妾薄命，事主不尽年。
起舞为主寿，相送南阳阡。
忍著主衣裳，为人作春妍。
有声当彻天，有泪当彻泉。
死者恐无知，妾身长自怜。
叶落风不起，山空花自红。
捐世不待老，惠妾无其终。
一死尚可忍，百岁何当穷？
天地岂不宽？妾身自不容。
死者如有知，杀身以相从。
向来歌舞地，夜雨鸣寒蛩。

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悼亡组诗目的

译文注释

我夫主家富贵豪华，高楼连云；我受到夫主的看重，宠爱集于一身。自古以来女子薄命的不知有多少，如今轮到我，侍奉夫主，不能尽自己的天年。正在轻歌曼舞为夫主祝寿，忽然间送殡南阳雨泪涟涟。我怎忍心穿着夫主为我做的衣裳，为别人歌舞打扮强作欢颜？我悲痛呼叫，声彻云天；我泪如雨下，洒到黄泉。死去的人恐怕不会知道，我是这样地日日夜夜惆怅自怜。残叶落地，秋风再也不能把它吹回故枝；空旷的山野中，花儿寂寞地开放，一片惨红。你撒手西归还不待年老，我受到你的恩惠，却已是无尽无穷。死亡的痛苦还能够忍受，苟活世上的惨味，何时能够告终？谁说天不高地不广？只不过我自己不能与世相容。死去的人如果有知觉，我一定会杀身到地下相从。先前歌舞繁华之地，如今是一派荒凉，只有潇潇夜雨，把凄凉的蟋蟀鸣声伴送。

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赏析

陈师的五言古《妾薄命》共有两首。诗人表达感情的方式是多样的，以一位侍妾悲悼主人的口吻抒写了自己对老师曾巩的悼念。要不是原诗题下有诗人自注：“为曾南丰作。”后世的读者会以为这是一首侍妾的哀歌。
至于陈师道与曾巩的关系，宋人笔记上说得颇带传奇色彩：曾巩路过徐州，当时的徐州太守孙莘荐陈师道前往谒见，虽然送了不少礼，但曾巩却一言不发，陈师道很惭愧，后来孙莘问及，曾巩说：“且读《史记》数年。”陈师道因此一言而终身师事曾巩，至后来在《过六一堂》诗中还说：“向来一瓣香，敬为曾南丰。”（见陈鹊《耆旧续闻》）这种记载只是小说家之言。其实，... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

陈师道（1053～1102）北宋官员、诗人。字履常，一字无己，号后山居士，汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。元祐初苏轼等荐其文行，起为徐州教授，历仕太学博士、颖州教授、秘书省正字。一生安贫乐道，闭门苦吟，有“闭门觅句陈无己”之称。陈师道为苏门六君子之一，江西诗派重要作家。亦能词，其词风格与诗相近，以拗峭惊警见长。但其诗、词存在着内容狭窄、词意艰涩之病。著有《后山先生集》，词有《后山词》。百科详情>>

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