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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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，

chū

出

rù

入

fù

腹

wǒ

我

。

yù

欲

bào

报

zhī

之

dé

德

。

hào

昊

tiān

天

wǎng

罔

jí

极

！

nán

南

shān

山

liè

烈

liè

烈

，

piāo

飘

fēng

风

fā

发

fā

发

。

mín

民

mò

莫

bù

不

gǔ

穀

，

wǒ

我

dú

独

hé

何

hài

害

！

nán

南

shān

山

lǜ

律

lǜ

律

，

piāo

飘

fēng

风

fú

弗

fú

弗

。

mín

民

mò

莫

bù

不

gǔ

穀

，

wǒ

我

dú

独

bù

不

zú

卒

！

蓼蓼者莪，匪莪伊蒿。哀哀父母，生我劬劳。
蓼蓼者莪，匪莪伊蔚。哀哀父母，生我劳瘁。
瓶之罄矣，维罍之耻。鲜民之生，不如死之久矣。无父何怙？无母何恃？出则衔恤，入则靡至。
父兮生我，母兮鞠我。抚我畜我，长我育我，顾我复我，出入腹我。欲报之德。昊天罔极！
南山烈烈，飘风发发。民莫不穀，我独何害！南山律律，飘风弗弗。民莫不穀，我独不卒！

标签:

人物悼亡诗经目的母亲父亲

译文注释

看那莪蒿长得高，却非莪蒿是散蒿。可怜我的爹与妈，抚养我大太辛劳！
看那莪蒿相依偎，却非莪蒿只是蔚。可怜我的爹与妈，抚养我大太劳累！
汲水瓶儿空了底，装水坛子真羞耻。孤独活着没意思，不如早点就去死。没有亲爹何所靠？没有亲妈何所恃？出门行走心含悲，入门茫然不知止。
爹爹呀你生下我，妈妈呀你喂养我。你们护我疼爱我，养我长大培育我，想我不愿离开我，出入家门怀抱我。想报爹妈大恩德，老天降祸难预测！
南山高峻难逾越，飙风凄厉令人怯。大家没有不幸事，独我为何遭此劫？南山高峻难迈过，飙风凄厉人哆嗦。大家没有不幸事，不能终养独是我！

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译文注释

⑴蓼（lù）蓼：长又大的样子。莪（é）：一种草，即莪蒿。李时珍《本草纲目》：“莪抱根丛生，俗谓之抱娘蒿。”
⑵匪：同“非”。伊：是。
⑶劬（qú）劳：与下章“劳瘁”皆劳累之意。
⑷蔚（wèi）：一种草，即牡蒿。
⑸瓶：汲水器具。罄（qìng）：尽。
⑹罍（léi）：盛水器具。
⑺鲜（xiǎn）：指寡、孤。民：人。
⑻怙（hù）：依靠。
⑼衔恤：含忧。
⑽鞠：养。
⑾拊：通“抚”。畜：通“慉”，喜爱。
⑿顾：顾念。复：返回，指不忍离去。
⒀腹：指怀抱。
⒁昊（hào）天：广大的天。罔：无。极：准则。
⒂烈烈：通“颲颲”，山风大的样子。
⒃飘风：同“飙风”。发发：读如“拨拨”，风声。
⒄谷：善。
⒅律律：同“烈烈”。
⒆弗弗：同“发发”。
⒇卒：终，指养老送终。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

《毛序》说此诗“刺幽王也，民人劳苦，孝子不得终养尔”，只有最后一句是中的之言，至于“刺幽王，民人劳苦”云云，正如欧阳修所说“非诗人本意”（《诗本义》），诗人所抒发的只是不能终养父母的痛极之情。
此诗六章，似是悼念父母的祭歌，分三层意思：首两章是第一层，写父母生养“我”辛苦劳累。头两句以比引出，诗人见蒿与蔚，却错当莪，于是心有所动，遂以为比。莪香美可食用，并且环根丛生，故又名抱娘蒿，喻人成材且孝顺；而蒿与蔚，皆散生，蒿粗恶不可食用，蔚既不能食用又结子，故称牡蒿，蒿、蔚喻不成材且不能尽孝。诗人有感于此，借以自责不成材又不能终... 古诗文网>>

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