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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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hào

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浩浩昊天，不骏其德。降丧饥馑，斩伐四国。旻天疾威，弗虑弗图。舍彼有罪，既伏其辜。若此无罪，沦胥以铺。
周宗既灭，靡所止戾。正大夫离居，莫知我勚。三事大夫，莫肯夙夜。邦君诸侯，莫肯朝夕。庶曰式臧，覆出为恶。
如何昊天，辟言不信。如彼行迈，则靡所臻。凡百君子，各敬尔身。胡不相畏，不畏于天？
戎成不退，饥成不遂。曾我暬御，惨惨日瘁。凡百君子，莫肯用讯。听言则答，谮言则退。
哀哉不能言，匪舌是出，维躬是瘁。哿矣能言，巧言如流，俾躬处休！
维曰予仕，孔棘且殆。云不何使，得罪于天子；亦云可使，怨及朋友。
谓尔迁于王都。曰予未有室家。鼠思泣血，无言不疾。昔尔出居，谁从作尔室？

标签:

写雨诗经抒情景色忧国忧民

译文注释

浩浩苍天广大无边，你的恩德太不长远。降下那些丧乱饥馑，四方百姓都被害惨。皇天皇天太过暴虐，思虑图谋总不周全。放掉那些真正罪人，尽把他们罪过隐瞒。而像这些无罪好人，反而陷入痛苦无限。
　　周室如今破灭惨遭，人们到处流落奔逃。正官大夫早已离散，有谁知道我的苦劳。三事大夫虽然还在，哪个日夜肯把心操。封国国君各方诸侯，早晨朝见晚上都跑。希望他们改过迁善，谁知恶事反都做到。
　　皇天皇天该怎么办？恨王不听正确意见。就像路上乱跑的人，不知他要走到哪边。所有君子众卿大夫，各自谨慎小心一点。为何互相不知戒惧？竟敢不畏天命尊严？
　　战祸已起排除无望，天降饥馑总难消亡。为何我这小小侍臣，天天这么劳苦忧伤？所有君子众卿大夫，都不肯去劝谏我王。顺耳的话爱听可说，批评的话遭斥难讲。
　　可悲可哀忠言难进，并非是我舌拙嘴笨，实在身心憔悴多病。能说会道实在快乐，口若悬河巧言逢迎，享受福禄身处佳境。
　　如今要说出仕做官，实在非常艰难危险。若说这事不能去做，得罪天子多多不便；若说这事可以办好，又会遭到朋友埋怨。
　　我劝你们迁到王都，你们却说没有家住。只有悲伤泪中带血，没有话不遭到恨妒。当初你们各自出走，谁跟你们去建房屋？

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译文注释

（1）浩浩：广大的样子。昊（hào）天：犹言“皇天”。
（2）骏：长，美。
（3）斩伐：犹言“残害”。四国：四方诸侯之国，犹言“天下四方”。
（4）疾威：暴虐。
（5）既：尽。伏：隐匿、隐藏。辜：罪。
（6）沦胥：沉没、陷入。铺：同“痡”，病苦。
（7）周宗：即“宗周”，指西周王朝。
（8）靡所：没处。止戾（lì）：安定、定居。
（9）正大夫：长官大夫，即上大夫。
（10）勩（yì）：劳苦。
（11）三事大夫：指三公，即太师、太傅、太保。
（12）邦君：封国的君主。
（13）莫肯朝夕：郑笺：“不肯晨夜朝暮省王也。”马瑞辰《毛传笺通释》：“谓朝朝于君而不夕见也。”
（14）庶：庶几，表希望。式：语首助词。臧：好，善。
（15）覆：反。
（16）辟言：正言，合乎法度的话。
（17）行迈：出走、远行。
（18）臻：至。所臻，所要到达的地方。
（19）敬：谨慎。
（20）胡：何。
（21）遂：通“坠”，消亡。
（22）曾：何。暬（xiè）御：侍御。国王左右亲近之臣。
（23）憯（cǎn）憯：忧伤。瘁：劳苦、憔悴。
（24）讯：读为“谇”，谏诤。
（25）听言：顺耳之言。答：应。
（26）谮（zèn）言：诋毁的话，此指批评。
（27）出：读为“拙”，笨拙。
（28）躬：亲身。瘁：病。或谓憔悴。
（29）哿（gé）：欢乐。能言：指能说会道的人。
（30）休：美好。
（31）维：句首助词。于仕：去做官。
（32）孔：很。棘：比喻艰难。殆：危险。
（33）尔：指上言正大夫、三事大夫等人。
（34）鼠：通“癙”：忧伤。
（35）疾：通“嫉”，嫉恨。
（36）从：随。作：营造。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

《毛序》说：“《雨无正》，大夫刺幽王也。雨，自上下也。众多如雨，而非所以为政也。”可是，从全篇诗句中，并无“雨多”之意，也无“政多如雨”之言，因而历朝历代很多人都怀疑诗题与诗意不合。有人疑为“雨无止”；有人疑为“周无正”（正，同“政”）；更有人说韩诗有《雨无极》篇，首二句为“雨无其极，伤我稼穑”，毛诗脱（参看朱熹《诗集传》、高亨《诗经今注》、袁梅《诗经译注》等）。朱熹说，脱两句的说法，“似有理，然第一、二章本皆十句，今遽增之，则长短不齐，非诗之例”（《诗集传》）。因此，各执一说，莫衷一是。还是姚际恒《诗经通论》中说得好：“此篇名... 古诗文网>>

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