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卜算子·旅雁向南飞

【作者】朱敦儒【朝代】宋

拼音

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lǚ

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旅雁向南飞，风雨群初失。饥渴辛勤两翅垂，独下寒汀立。
鸥鹭苦难亲，矰缴忧相逼。云海茫茫无处归，谁听哀鸣急。

标签:

爱国人民

译文注释

大雁南飞，风雨中与雁群失散。饥渴辛苦的大雁双翅无力地下垂，只好独宿在冷落凄清的河中小洲。苦于和沙鹞、白鹭难以亲近，时刻担心被弓箭射杀。云海茫茫归处又在何方？有谁来听鸿雁的声声哀号。

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赏析

靖康之难对于北宋末年的词人来说，是一次创深痛巨的灾难。影响到他们的思想性格，以及作品的内容和风格。不少爱国词人通过多种多样的创作手法将国家民族的这次大灾难在他们的词作中反映出来朱敦儒就是其中之一。1126年（靖康元年）十一月，金兵强渡黄河，进逼朱敦儒的家乡洛阳，中原大地沉浸在血与火的深渊。朱敦儒不得不背井离乡，加入了混乱的流亡队伍，开始了他艰辛的颠沛流离的逃难生活。这首咏旅雁的《卜算子》词就是借失群旅雁来反映他的流亡生活的。借旅雁来为自己写照，并非从朱敦儒开始的白居易就写过一首旅雁，借雁自伤：“雪中啄草冰上宿，翅冷腾空飞动迟，江... 古诗文网>>

朱敦儒的这首咏物词，以南飞失群的孤雁，来象征在靖康之变中包括自己在内的广大人民流离艰辛的景况。词中情景交融，处处写雁，又处处在写词人自身的身世感慨。
全词一开篇即摄取与作者的遭遇、心境有着某种联系并引发作者感情共鸣的客观物象来为词人写照，抒发词人的心声。“旅雁向南飞”，词的首句写冬天雁由北向南迁徙。巧合的是，词人由洛阳南逃也正是这个时候。也许是他在逃亡路上，见雁南飞，有所感发，“情沿物应 ”，才发而为词，“道寄人知”，借以表达因雁而兴起的伤感。“风雨群相失”的“风雨 ”，表面是指自然的风雨，骨子里却是喻指人世社会的风雨... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

朱敦儒（1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）百科详情>>

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