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节南山

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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dìng

定

。

shì

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月

sī

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bǐ

俾

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。

yōu

忧

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如

chéng

酲

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shuí

谁

bǐng

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国

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zì

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百

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jià

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bǐ

彼

sì

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牡

，

sì

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mǔ

牡

xiàng

项

lǐng

领

。

wǒ

我

zhān

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sì

四

fāng

方

，

cù

蹙

cù

蹙

mí

靡

suǒ

所

chěng

骋

。

fāng

方

mào

茂

ěr

尔

恶

，

xiāng

相

ěr

尔

máo

矛

yǐ

矣

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jì

既

yí

夷

jì

既

yì

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rú

如

xiāng

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chóu

酬

yǐ

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wǒ

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。

节彼南山，维石岩岩。赫赫师尹，民具尔瞻。忧心如惔，不敢戏谈。国既卒斩，何用不监！
节彼南山，有实其猗。赫赫师尹，不平谓何。天方荐瘥，丧乱弘多。民言无嘉，惨莫惩嗟。
尹氏大师，维周之氐；秉国之钧，四方是维。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不吊昊天，不宜空我师。
弗躬弗亲，庶民弗信。弗问弗仕，勿罔君子。式夷式已，无小人殆。琐琐姻亚，则无膴仕。
昊天不佣，降此鞠訩。昊天不惠，降此大戾。君子如届，俾民心阕。君子如夷，恶怒是违。
不吊昊天，乱靡有定。式月斯生，俾民不宁。忧心如酲，谁秉国成？不自为政，卒劳百姓。
驾彼四牡，四牡项领。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所骋。
方茂尔恶，相尔矛矣。既夷既怿，如相酬矣。
昊天不平，我王不宁。不惩其心，覆怨其正。
家父作诵，以究王訩。式讹尔心，以畜万邦。

标签:

诗经景色写山

译文注释

那嵯峨终南山上，巨石高峻而耸巅。权势显赫的太师史尹，民众都唯你俩是看。忧国之心如火炎炎，谁也不敢随口乱谈。国脉眼看已全然斩断，为何平时竟不予察监！
　　那嵯峨终南山上，丘陵地多么广阔。权势显赫的太师史尹，执政不平究竟为何？苍天正又一次降下饥疫，死丧和祸乱实在太多。民众言论中不再有好话，你们竟还不惩戒自我！
　　你们史尹和太师二人，原该是咱周室的柱石。掌握了国枢的钧轮，四方诸侯靠你们维系，大周天子靠你们辅佐，也使人民踏实心不迷。老天爷实在太不良善，不该断绝人民的生机。
　　处事不诚心不亲自办理，百姓对你们就不相信。不咨询耆旧不晋用少俊，岂不是欺罔了君子正人？施政应当平等应当躬亲，不应该与那些小人接近；瓜葛不断的裙带姻亲，不应该偏袒而委以重任！
　　老天爷真是不光明，降下如此的大祸乱。老天爷实在不聪慧，降下如此的大灾难。君子执政如临渊履冰，才能使民众心安。君子执政如碗水持平，憎恶忿怒才能被弃捐。
　　老天爷实在太不良善，祸乱从此再无法平定。一月连着一月竞相发生，使庶民从此无法安宁。忧国之心如醉酒般难受，有谁能掌好权平理朝政？如不能躬亲去施政，悴劳的仍是众百姓。
　　驾上那四匹久羁的公马，这四马都有肥大的脖颈。我举目四望到处是祸乱，局促狭小无处可以驰骋。
　　当你们之间恶感正烈，你们彼此就倾轧不歇。既已怒火平息回嗔作喜，又像宾主般互相酬酢。
　　老天以灾祸显示不平，我王天子也不得康宁。太师史尹不自惩邪心，反而怨怒人们对其规正。
　　我家父作此一篇诵，以追究王朝祸乱的元凶。该改变改变你们的邪心，以求德被四方万邦齐同。

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译文注释

（1）节：通“巀”。长言之则为巀嶭（jié niè），亦即嵯峨。
（2）岩岩：山崖高峻的样子。
（3）师尹：大（tài）师和史尹。大师，西周掌军事大权的长官；史尹，西周文职大臣，卿士之首。
（4）具：通“俱”。
（5）惔（tán）：“炎”的误字，火烧。
（6）卒：终，全。
（7）何用：何以．何因。
（8）有实：实实，广大的样子。《诗经》中形容词、副词以“有”作词头者，相当于该词之重叠词。猗：同“阿”，山阿，大的丘陵。
（9）荐：再次发生饥馑。瘥：疫病。
（10）憯（cǎn）：曾，乃。
（11）氐：借为“榰（zhī）”，屋柱的石磉。
（12）均：通“钧”，制陶器的模具下端的转轮盘。
（13）毗：犹“裨”，辅助。
（14）吊：通“叔”，借为“淑”，善。昊天：犹言皇天。
（15）空：穷。师：众民。
（16）式：应，当。夷：平。已：依全诗前后及此处文义，今理校为“己”，义为以身作则。
（17）殆：及，接近。
（18）琐琐：互相连结成串。姻亚：统指襟带关系。姻，儿女亲家；亚，通“娅”，姐妹之夫的互称。
（19）膴（wǔ）仕：厚任，高官厚禄，今世所谓“肥缺”。
（20）佣：通“融”，明。
（21）鞠讻：极乱。讻，祸乱，昏乱。
（22）惠：通“慧”。
（23）戾：暴戾，灾难。
（24）届：临。
（25）阕：息。
（26）式月斯生：应月乃生。
（27）成：平。
（28）卒：通“悴”。
（29）牡：公牛，引申为雄性禽兽，此指公马。
（30）项领：肥大的脖颈。
（31）蹙蹙：局促的样子。
（32）茂：盛。恶：憎恶。
（33）矛：通“务”，义为侮。
（34）怿：悦。
（35）覆：反。正：规劝纠正。
（36）家父：此诗作者，周大夫。诵：诗。
（37）讹：改变。
（38）畜：养。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此诗亦简称《节》。关于其时代背景和作年，历来有宣王时（三家诗）、幽王时（《毛诗序》）、平王时（韦昭）和桓王时欧阳修）诸说，但诗既以（终）南山起兴，则不应写的是周室东迁后事。考虑到宣王时虽用兵频繁，但毕竟号称“中兴”，与诗中描写的势臣跋扈、政权腐朽之情事不合，因此其事当在幽王时代。又《小雅·节南山之什》的前五篇哀怨忧愤，非经历国亡家破之大惨痛者不能发。《节》既有天再降饥馑、瘟疫、四方不宁及“国既卒斩”，《正月》又有“赫赫宗周，褒姒灭之”，《雨无正》也有“降丧饥馑，斩伐四国”和“宗周既灭”等，因而可知诸诗大致作于东、西周之交，幽王末... 古诗文网>>

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