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【作者】黄庭坚【朝代】宋

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芳
；

xuě
雪
shuāng
霜
líng
凌
lì
厉
ér
而
jiàn
见
shā
杀
，

lái
来
suì
岁
bù
不
gǎi
改
qí
其
xìng
性
yě
也
。

shì

是

suǒ

所

wèi

谓

“

dùn

遁

shì

世

wú

无

mèn

闷

，

bú

不

jiàn

见

shì

是

ér

而

wú

无

mèn

闷

”

zhě

者

yě

也

。

lán

兰

suī

虽

hán

含

xiāng

香

tǐ

体

jié

洁

，

píng

平

jū

居

yǔ

与

xiāo

萧

ài

艾

bù

不

shū

殊

。

qīng

清

fēng

风

guò

过

zhī

之

，

qí

其

xiāng

香

ǎi

蔼

rán

然

，

zài

在

shì

室

mǎn

满

shì

室

，

zài

在

táng

堂

mǎn

满

táng

堂

，

suǒ

所

wèi

谓

hán

含

zhāng

章

yǐ

以

shí

时

fā

发

zhě

者

yě

也

。

rán

然

lán

兰

huì

蕙

zhī

之

cái

才

dé

德

bù

不

tóng

同

，

shì

世

hǎn

罕

néng

能

bié

别

zhī

之

。

yǔ

予

fàng

放

làng

浪

jiāng

江

hú

湖

zhī

之

rì

日

jiǔ

久

，

nǎi

乃

jǐn

尽

zhī

知

qí

其

zú

族

。

gài

盖

lán

兰

shì

似

jūn

君

子

，

huì

蕙

shì

似

shì

士

dà

大

fū

夫

，

dà

大

gài

概

shān

山

lín

林

zhōng

中

shí

十

huì

蕙

ér

而

yī

一

lán

兰

yě

也

。

《

lí

离

sāo

骚

》

yuē

曰

：“

yǔ

予

jì

既

zī

滋

lán

兰

zhī

之

jiǔ

九

wǎn

畹

，

yòu

又

shù

树

huì

蕙

zhī

之

bǎi

百

mǔ

亩

。”

shì

是

yǐ

以

zhī

知

bù

不

dú

独

jīn

今

，

chǔ

楚

rén

人

jiàn

贱

huì

蕙

ér

而

guì

贵

lán

兰

jiǔ

久

yǐ

矣

。

lán

兰

huì

蕙

cóng

丛

chū

出

，

shí

莳

yǐ

以

shā

砂

shí

石

zé

则

mào

茂

，

wò

沃

yǐ

以

tāng

汤

míng

茗

zé

则

fāng

芳

，

shì

是

suǒ

所

tóng

同

yě

也

。

zhì

至

qí

其

fā

发

huā

花

，

yī

一

gān

干

yī

一

huā

花

ér

而

xiāng

香

yǒu

有

yú

余

zhě

者

lán

兰

，

yī

一

gān

干

wǔ

五

qī

七

huā

花

ér

而

xiāng

香

bù

不

zú

足

zhě

者

huì

蕙

。

huì

蕙

suī

虽

bù

不

ruò

若

lán

兰

，

qí

其

shì

视

jiāo

椒

zé

则

yuǎn

远

yǐ

矣

，

shì

世

lùn

论

yǐ

以

wéi

为

guó

国

xiāng

香

yǐ

矣

。

nǎi

乃

yuē

曰

“

dāng

当

mén

门

bù

不

dé

得

bù

不

chú

锄

”，

shān

山

lín

林

zhī

之

shì

士

，

suǒ

所

yǐ

以

wǎng

往

ér

而

bù

不

fǎn

返

zhě

者

yé

耶

！

士之才德盖一国，则曰国士；女之色盖一国，则曰国色；兰之香盖一国，则曰国香。自古人知贵兰，不待楚之逐臣而后贵之也。兰甚似乎君子，生于深山薄丛之中，不为无人而不芳；雪霜凌厉而见杀，来岁不改其性也。是所谓“遁世无闷，不见是而无闷”者也。兰虽含香体洁，平居与萧艾不殊。清风过之，其香蔼然，在室满室，在堂满堂，所谓含章以时发者也。
然兰蕙之才德不同，世罕能别之。予放浪江湖之日久，乃尽知其族。盖兰似君子，蕙似士大夫，大概山林中十蕙而一兰也。《离骚》曰：“予既滋兰之九畹，又树蕙之百亩。”是以知不独今，楚人贱蕙而贵兰久矣。兰蕙丛出，莳以砂石则茂，沃以汤茗则芳，是所同也。至其发花，一干一花而香有余者兰，一干五七花而香不足者蕙。蕙虽不若兰，其视椒则远矣，世论以为国香矣。乃曰“当门不得不锄”，山林之士，所以往而不返者耶！

标签:

品格辞赋精选咏物动植物写花寓人文言文

译文注释

如果一个士人的才能和品德超过其他的士人，那么就成为国士；如果一个女子的姿色超过其他的美女，那么就称之为国色；如果兰花的香味胜过其它所有的花那么就称之为国香。自古人们就以兰花为贵，并不是等到屈原赞兰花之后，人们才以它为贵的。兰花和君子很相似：生长在深山和贫瘠的丛林里，不因为没有人知道就不发出香味；在遭受雪霜残酷的摧残后，也不改变自己的本性。这就是所说的避世而内心无忧，不被任用而内心无烦闷。兰花虽然含着香味形状美好，但平时与萧支没有什么两样。一阵清风吹来，他的香气芬芳，远近皆知，这就是所说的藏善以待时机施展自己。
　　然而兰和蕙的才能和品德不相同，世人很少有能分辨出来的。我放任自己长期流浪四方，于是完全知道兰和蕙的区别。大概兰花好似君子，蕙好像士大夫，大概山林中有十棵蕙，才有一棵兰，《离骚》中说：“我已经培植兰花九畹，又种下蕙百亩。”《招魂》说：“爱花的风俗离开蕙，普遍崇尚兰花”因此知道楚人以蕙为贱以兰为贵很久了。兰和蕙到处都能生长，即使栽种在砂石的地方也枝繁叶茂，如果用热茶水浇灌就香气芬芳，这是它们相同的地方，等到它们开花，一只干上就一朵花而香气扑鼻的是兰花，一只干上有五七朵花但是香气不足的就是蕙。虽然蕙比不上兰花，但是与椒相比却远在椒之上，椒居然被当世之人称为“国香”。于是说当权者必须除掉，这就是那些品德高尚的隐士纷纷远离当局而不返回的原因啊！

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译文注释

1、楚之逐臣：及屈原。屈原在离骚里以兰来象征自己美好的品德
2、薄丛：贫瘠的丛林
3、不见：不被人知道
4、含章以时发者：藏善以待时机施展自己
5、贵（贵兰)：以......为贵
6、芳（不为无人而不芳）：发出芳香

来源：古诗文网

赏析

北宋的散文小品中，最著名的当属周敦颐的《爱莲说》。该文以莲喻人，赞扬了“出淤泥而不染”的高尚人格。稍后黄庭坚的《书幽芳亭记》，堪称与《爱莲说》相比肩的精美小品。但由于前者被选入中学教材，广为人知；而黄庭坚本人以名世，他的散文创作被掩盖了。
黄庭坚是北宋著名的诗人、书法家，“苏门四学士”之首。黄庭坚诗、书、文均有极高造诣，与苏轼并称“苏黄”。他的一生风波跌宕，饱受磨难。在北宋党争中，他属旧党，屡遭贬谪。但无论处于何种艰难的境地，他都以气节自励。此文就是他高尚品德的流露。他以自己的实际行为，达到了“文如其人、人如其文”的至高... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

黄庭坚（1045－1105），字鲁直，自号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，又称豫章黄先生，汉族，洪州分宁（今江西修水）人。北宋诗人、词人、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，而且，他跟杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄为其中一宗）之称。英宗治平四年(1067)进士。历官叶县尉、北京国子监教授、校书郎、著作佐郎、秘书丞、涪州别驾、黔州安置等。诗歌方面，他与苏轼并称为“苏黄”；书法方面，他则与苏轼、米芾、蔡襄并称为“宋代四大家”；词作方面，虽曾与秦观并称“秦黄”，但黄氏的词作成就却远逊于秦氏。百科详情>>

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