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闻都城渴雨时苦摊税

【作者】汤显祖【朝代】明

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五风十雨亦为褒，薄夜焚香沾御袍。
当知雨亦愁抽税，笑语江南申渐高。

译文注释

风调雨顺本是上苍的褒奖，可如今难得一见哪！每到夜晚，皇帝都要焚香祷告，祈求风凋雨顺，香烟阵阵沾染着龙袍。皇上您也应当知道，雨不下来，是雨也害怕而今的捐税呀！当年的申渐高不就笑着这样给他的主子解释过这种现象吗？

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释

都城：京城，指北京。渴雨：干旱无雨。摊税：摊派税赋。五风十雨：五日一风，十日一雨，指风调雨顺。汉代阴阳家以为五日一风，十日一雨，是太平的征象。语出汉王充《论衡星应》：风不鸣条，雨不破块，五日一风，十日一雨。褒：赞美言词。薄夜：傍晚；夜初。薄：迫近。御袍：皇帝的龙袍。

来源：

赏析

《闻都城渴雨时苦摊税》是一首政治讽之诗，诗歌巧妙用典，寓庄于谐，以轻松幽默之笔，写忧民之心。首句五风十雨亦为褒，用语含蓄，谓五风十雨原是古代对政绩的一种褒美之辞，如今都城渴雨，则政绩无帝得见。言外之意，而今大旱是上苍对朝政混乱的怪罪。次句薄夜焚香沾御袍承首句，写神宗皇帝祈雨时的情景，皇帝夜间焚香祈雨，以致龙袍上都沾满了露水。乍看对神宗有赞美之意，诗人似乎是在恭维神宗皇帝，其实只是诗人欲抑先扬，明褒实贬的手法而已，诗人的揶揄之意十分明显。三四句笔锋陡转，引用典故，诗人借用申渐高的故事进一步讥评时弊，对神宗皇帝的祈雨进行了嘲讽。申渐... >>

作者介绍

汤显祖（1550—1616），中国明代戏曲家、文学家。字义仍，号海若、若士、清远道人。汉族，江西临川人。公元1583年（万历十一年）中进士，任太常寺博士、礼部主事，因弹劾申时行，降为徐闻典史，后调任浙江遂昌知县，又因不附权贵而免官，未再出仕。曾从罗汝芳读书，又受李贽思想的影响。在戏曲创作方面，反对拟古和拘泥于格律。作有传奇《牡丹亭》、《邯郸记》、《南柯记》、《紫钗记》，合称《玉茗堂四梦》，以《牡丹亭》最著名。在戏曲史上，和关汉卿、王实甫齐名，在中国乃至世界文学史上都有着重要的地位。百科详情>>

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