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酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠

【作者】刘禹锡【朝代】唐

译文

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巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。

巴山楚水凄凉之地，二十三年默默谪居。

怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。

只能吹笛赋诗，空自惆怅不已。回来物是人非，我像烂柯之人，

沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。

沉舟侧畔，千帆竞发；病树前头，万木逢春。

今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。

今日听你高歌一曲，暂借杯酒振作精神。

巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。
怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。
沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。

标签:

初中古诗贬谪哲理励志数字

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

巴山楚水凄凉之地，二十三年默默谪居。只能吹笛赋诗，空自惆怅不已。回来物是人非，我像烂柯之人，沉舟侧畔，千帆竞发；病树前头，万木逢春。今日听你高歌一曲，暂借杯酒振作精神。

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

(1)酬答：这里是指以诗相答的意思。用诗歌赠答。酬：答谢。

(2)乐天：指白居易，字乐天。

(3)见赠：送给（我）。

(4)巴山楚水：指四川、湖南、湖北一带。古时四川东部属于巴国，湖南北部和湖北等地属于楚国。刘禹锡被贬后，迁徙于朗州、连州、夔州、和州等边远地区，这里用“巴山楚水”泛指这些地方。

(5)二十三年：从唐顺宗永贞元年（805年）刘禹锡被贬为连州刺史，至宝历二年（826）冬应召，约22年。因贬地离京遥远，实际上到第二年才能回到京城，所以说23年。

(6)弃置身：指遭受贬谪的诗人自己。置：放置。弃置：贬谪（zhé）。

(7)怀旧：怀念故友。

(8)吟：吟唱。

(9)闻笛赋：指西晋向秀的《思旧赋》。三国曹魏末年，向秀的朋友嵇康、吕安因不满司马氏篡权而被杀害。后来，向秀经过嵇康、吕安的旧居，听到邻人吹笛，不禁悲从中来，于是作《思旧赋》。序文中说自己经过嵇康旧居，因写此赋追念他。刘禹锡借用这个典故怀念已死去的王叔文、柳宗元等人。

(10)到：到达。

(11)翻似：倒好像。翻：副词，反而。

(12)烂柯人：指晋人王质。相传晋人王质上山砍柴，看见两个童子下棋，就停下观看。等棋局终了，手中的斧柄（柯）已经朽烂。回到村里，才知道已过了一百年。同代人都已经亡故。作者以此典故表达自己遭贬23年的感慨。刘禹锡也借这个故事表达世事沧桑，人事全非，暮年返乡恍如隔世的心情。

(13)沉舟：这是诗人以沉舟、病树自比。

(14)侧畔：旁边。

(15)歌一曲：指白居易的《醉赠刘二十八使君》。

(16)长（zhǎng）精神：振作精神。长：增长，振作。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》是显示自己对世事变迁和仕宦升沉的豁达襟怀，表现了诗人的坚定信念和乐观精神，同时又暗含哲理，表明新事物必将取代旧事物。刘禹锡在这首诗中运用了层层递进的手法。首联，诗的第一层，先写自己无罪而长期被贬的遭遇，为全诗定下了愤激的基调。颔联，诗的第二层，通过对受害战友的悼念，以及自己回到故乡竟然恍如隔世的情景，使愤激之情进一步深化。颈联，诗的第三层，推开一步，对比了自己的沉沦与新贵的得势，诗人的自我激励的情绪达到了顶点。尾联，诗的第四层，急转直下，表示并不消极气馁，要抖擞振奋，积极进取，重新投入生活，以自勉自励结束。层层深入，言简意深。愤激而不浅露，感慨而不低沉，惆怅而不颓废，堪称刘禹锡的代表作品。刘禹锡在这首诗中所表现的身经危难，百折不回的坚强毅力，给后人以莫大的启迪和鼓舞，所以古今传诵，交口称赞。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这是一首赠答诗。唐敬宗宝历二年（826），诗人罢和州刺史，回归洛阳，途经扬州，与罢苏州刺史的白居易相会。在酒席上，白居易吟诗《醉赠刘二十八使君》相赠。在诗中，白居易对刘禹锡被贬谪的遭遇，表示了同情和不平。于是刘禹锡写了此诗回赠白居易。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

本诗是古代酬赠诗中的佳品，其感情基调是由低沉愤懑到高昂乐观。

诗的第一联作者通过“凄凉地”和“弃置身”这些富有感情色彩的字句的渲染，表达出诗人被贬后的愤懑不平之情。

酬：答谢，酬答，这里是指以诗相答的意思。用诗歌赠答。

歌一曲：指白居易的《醉赠刘二十八使君》。

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《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》是显示自己对世事变迁和仕宦升沉的豁达襟怀，表现了诗人的坚定信念和乐观精神，同时又暗含哲理，表明新事物必将取代旧事物刘禹锡这首酬答诗，接过白居易诗的话头，着重抒写这特定环境中自己的感情。白的赠诗中，白居易对刘禹锡的遭遇无限感慨，最后两句说：“亦知合被才名折，二十三年折太多。”一方面感叹刘禹锡的不幸命运，另一方面又称赞了刘禹锡的才气与名望。这两句诗，在同情之中又包含着赞美，显得十分委婉。因为白居易在诗的末尾说到二十三年，所以刘禹锡在诗的开头就接着说：“巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。”自己谪居在巴山楚水这荒... 古诗文网>>

唐敬宗宝历二年（826），刘禹锡罢和州刺史任返洛阳，同时白居易从苏州归洛，两位诗人在扬州相逢。白居易在筵席上写了一首诗相赠：“为我引杯添酒饮，与君把箸击盘歌。诗称国手徒为尔，命压人头不奈何。举眼风光长寂寞，满朝官职独蹉跎。亦知合被才名折，二十三年折太多。”刘禹锡便写了《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》来酬答他。刘禹锡这首酬答诗，接过白诗的话头，着重抒写这特定环境中自己的感情。白的赠诗中，白居易对刘禹锡的遭遇无限感慨，最后两句说：“亦知合被才名折，二十三年折太多。”一方面感叹刘禹锡的不幸命运，另一方面又称赞了刘禹锡的才气与名望。大意是说... 诗词名句网>>

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作者：佚名

　　唐代著名人刘禹锡从小爱下围棋。与专教唐德宗太子下棋的棋待诏王叔文很要好。太子当上皇帝后，他的教师王叔文组阁执政，就提拔棋友刘禹锡当监察御史。... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

刘禹锡（772－842年），字梦得，晚年自号庐山人，汉族，中国唐朝洛阳（今河南洛阳）人。自言系出中山（今河北定州），其先中山靖王刘胜，又自称“家本荥上，籍占洛阳”。近人卞孝萱则提出刘禹锡是匈奴族后裔，出生于嘉兴的新说，据邓声斌先生考证其父刘绪遭遇安史之乱，举族东迁定居彭城。刘禹锡为贞元九年（793）进士。初在淮南节度使杜佑幕府中任记室，为杜佑所器重。后从杜佑入朝，为监察御史。贞元末，与柳宗元，陈谏、韩晔等结交于王叔文，形成了一个以王叔文为首的政治集团。后任朗州司马、连州刺史、夔州刺史、和州刺史、主客郎中、礼部郎中、苏州刺史等职，刘禹锡的最后一任是太子宾客，故后世题他的诗文集为《刘宾客集》。白居易赞其“彭城刘梦得，诗豪者也”，故刘禹锡又有有中唐“诗豪”之称，是中唐杰出的政治家、哲学家、诗人和散文家。百科详情>>

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