诫子书

【作者】诸葛亮【朝代】三国

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夫君子之行，静以修身，俭以养德。非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。夫学须静也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学。淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及！

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

有道德修养的人，依靠内心安静来修养身心，以俭朴节约财物来培养自己高尚的品德。不恬静寡欲无法明确志向，不排除外来干扰无法达到远大目标。学习必须静心专一，而才干来自勤奋学习。如果不学习就无法增长自己的才干，不明确志向就不能在学习上获得成就。纵欲放荡、消极怠慢就不能勉励心志使精神振作，冒险草率、急躁不安就不能修养性情。年华随时光而飞驰，意志随岁月逐渐消逝。最终枯败零落，大多不接触世事、不为社会所用，只能悲哀地困守在自己穷困的破舍里，到时悔恨又怎么来得及？

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

诫：警告，劝人警惕。夫（fú）：段首或句首发语词，引出下文的议论，无实在的意义。君子：品德高尚的人。指操守、品德、品行。修身：个人的品德修养。养德：培养品德。澹（dàn）泊：也写做“淡泊”，清静而不贪图功名利禄。内心恬淡，不慕名利。清心寡欲。明志：表明自己崇高的志向。宁静：这里指安静，集中精神，不分散精力。致远：实现远大目标。才：才干。广才：增长才干。成：达成，成就。淫慢：过度的享乐，懈怠。淫：过度。励精：尽心，专心，奋勉，振奋。险躁：冒险急躁，狭隘浮躁，与上文“宁静”相对而言。治性：修性，养性。与：跟随。驰：疾行，这里是增长的意思。日：时间。去：消逝，逝去。遂：于是，就。枯落：枯枝和落叶，此指像枯叶一样飘零，形容人韶华逝去。多不接世：意思是对社会没有任何贡献。接世，接触社会，承担事务，对社会有益。有“用世”的意思。穷庐：破房子。将复何及：又怎么来得及。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这篇《诫子书》，不但讲明修身养性的途径和方法，也指明了立志与学习的关系；不但讲明了宁静淡泊的重要，也指明了放纵怠慢、偏激急躁的危害。诸葛亮不但在大的原则方面对其子严格要求，循循善诱，甚至在一些具体事情上也体现出对子女的细微关怀。在这篇《诫子书》中，有宁静的力量：“静以修身”，“非宁静无以致远”；有节俭的力量：“俭以养德”；有超脱的力量：“非澹泊无以明志”；有好学的力量：“夫学须静也，才须学也”；有励志的力量：“非学无以广才，非志无以成学”；有速度的力量：“淫慢则不能励精”；有性格的力量：“险躁则不能治性”；有惜时的力量：“年与时驰，意与岁去”；有想象的力量：“遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及”；有简约的力量。这篇文章短短几十字，传递出的讯息，比起长篇大论，诫子效果好得多。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

这篇文章当作于蜀汉建兴十二年（元234年），是诸葛亮晚年写给他八岁的儿子诸葛瞻的一封家书。诸葛亮一生为国，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。他为了蜀汉国家事业日夜操劳，顾不上亲自教育儿子，于是写下这篇书信告诫诸葛瞻

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

诸葛亮（181—234），三国时期政治家、军事家

字孔明，琅邪阳人。早年避乱于荆州，隐居陇亩，时称“卧龙”

这篇《诫子书》，不但讲明修身养性的途径和方法，也指明了立志与学习的关系

讲明了宁静淡泊的重要，也指明了放纵怠慢、偏激急躁的危害

赏析

古代家训，大都浓缩了作者毕生的生活经历、人生体验和学术思想等方面内容，不仅他的子孙从中获益颇多，就是今人读来也大有可借鉴之处。三国时蜀汉丞相诸葛亮被后人誉为“智慧之化身”，他的《诫子书》也可谓是一篇充满智慧之语的家训，是古代家训中的名作。文章阐述修身养性、治学做人的深刻道理，读来发人深省。它也可以看作是诸葛亮对其一生的总结，后来更成为修身立志的名篇。《诫子书》的主旨是劝勉儿子勤学立志，修身养性要从淡泊宁静中下功夫，最忌怠惰险躁。文章概括了做人治学的经验，着重围绕一个“静”字加以论述，同时把失败归结为一个“躁”字，对比鲜明。在... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

诸葛亮（181－234），字孔明，号卧龙（也作伏龙），汉族，徐州琅琊阳都（今山东临沂市沂南县）人，三国时期蜀汉丞相，杰出的政治家、军事家、散文家、书法家、发明家。在世时被封为武乡侯，死后追谥忠武侯，东晋政权因其军事才能特追封他为武兴王。诸葛亮为匡扶蜀汉政权，呕心沥血，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。其散文代表作有《出师表》、《诫子书》等。曾发明木牛流马、孔明灯等，并改造连弩，叫做诸葛连弩，可一弩十矢俱发。于建兴十二年即234年在五丈原（今宝鸡岐山境内）逝世。诸葛亮在后世受到极大尊崇，成为后世忠臣楷模、智慧化身。成都、宝鸡、汉中、南阳等地有武侯祠，杜甫作《蜀相》赞诸葛亮。百科详情>>

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