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山中寡妇 / 时世行

【作者】杜荀鹤【朝代】唐

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夫因兵死守蓬茅，麻苎衣衫鬓发焦。
桑柘废来犹纳税，田园荒后尚征苗。
时挑野菜和根煮，旋斫生柴带叶烧。
任是深山更深处，也应无计避征徭。

标签:

生活忧国忧民人物妇女

译文注释

丈夫因战乱死去，留下妻子困守在茅草屋里，穿着粗糙的苎麻衣服，鬓发枯黄面容憔悴。桑树柘树都荒废了，再也不能养蚕，却要向官府交纳丝税，田园荒芜了却还要征收青苗捐。经常挑些野菜，连根一起煮着吃，刚砍下的湿柴带着叶子一起烧。任凭你跑到深山更深的地方，也没有办法可以躲避赋税和徭役。

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译文注释

⑴蓬茅：茅草盖的房子。 ⑵麻苎（zhù）：即苎麻。鬓发焦：因吃不饱，身体缺乏营养而头发变成枯黄色。 ⑶柘：树木名，叶子可以喂蚕。 ⑷和：带着，连。 ⑸旋斫：现砍。生柴：刚从树上砍下来的湿柴。 ⑹征徭：赋税、徭役。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

此诗通过山中寡妇这样一个典型人物的悲惨命运，透视当时社会的面貌，语极沉郁悲愤。唐朝末年，朝廷上下，军阀之间，连年征战，造成“四海十年人杀尽”（《哭贝韬》），“山中鸟雀共民愁”（《山中对雪》）的悲惨局面，给人民带来极大的灾难。此诗的“夫因兵死守蓬茅”，就从这兵荒马乱的时代着笔，概括地写出了这位农家妇女的不幸遭遇：战乱夺走了她的丈夫，迫使她孤苦一人，逃入深山破茅屋中栖身。 “麻苎衣衫鬓发焦”一句，抓住“衣衫”、“鬓发”这些最能揭示人物本质的细节特征，简洁而生动地刻画出寡妇那贫困痛苦的形象：身着粗糙的麻布衣服，鬓发枯黄，面容憔悴，肖... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

杜荀鹤(846～904)，唐代诗人。字彦之，号九华山人。汉族，池州石埭（今安徽石台）人。大顺进士，以诗名，自成一家，尤长于宫词。官至翰学士知制诰。大顺二年，第一人擢第，复还旧山。宣州田頵遣至汴通好，朱全忠厚遇之，表授翰林学士、主客员外郎、知制诰。恃势侮易缙绅，众怒，欲杀之而未及。天祐初卒。自序其文为《唐风集》十卷，今编诗三卷。事迹见孙光宪《北梦琐言》、何光远《鉴诫录》、《旧五代史·梁书》本传、《唐诗纪事》及《唐才子传》。百科详情>>

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