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敕勒歌

【作者】北朝民歌【朝代】南北朝

拼音

译文

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chì

敕

lè

勒

chuān

川

，

yīn

阴

shān

山

xià

下

。

tiān

天

sì

似

qióng

穹

lú

庐

，

lóng

笼

gài

盖

sì

四

yě

野

。

tiān

天

cāng

苍

cāng

苍

，

yě

野

máng

茫

máng

茫

。

fēng

风

chuī

吹

cǎo

草

dī

低

xiàn

见

niú

牛

yáng

羊

。

辽阔的敕勒大平原，就在阴山脚下。敕勒川的天空啊，看起来好像牧民们居住的毡帐一般。它的四面与大地相连，蔚蓝的天空一望无际，碧绿的原野茫茫不尽。那风吹到草低处，有一群群的牛羊时隐时现。

敕勒川，阴山下。天似穹庐，笼盖四野。

辽阔的敕勒大平原，就在阴山脚下。敕勒川的天空啊，看起来好像牧民们居住的毡帐一般。它的四面与大地相连，

天苍苍，野茫茫。风吹草低见牛羊。

蔚蓝的天空一望无际，碧绿的原野茫茫不尽。那风吹到草低处，有一群群的牛羊时隐时现。

敕勒川，阴山下。天似穹庐，笼盖四野。
天苍苍，野茫茫。风吹草低见牛羊。

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情感古诗三百首民歌赞美乐府数字

出自部编版二年级上《古诗二首》

《夜宿山寺》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

①《敕勒歌》：敕勒（chì lè）：种族名，北齐时居住在朔州（今山西省北部）一带。
②敕勒川：川：平川、平原。敕勒族居住的地方，在现在的山西、内蒙一带。北魏时期把今河套平原至土默川一带称为敕勒川。
③阴山：在今内蒙古自治区北部。
④穹庐（qióng lú）：用毡布搭成的帐篷，即蒙古包。
⑤笼盖四野（yǎ）：笼盖，另有版本作“笼罩”（洪迈《容斋随笔》卷一和胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话》后集卷三十一）；四野，草原的四面八方。
⑥天苍苍：苍苍：青色。苍，青，天苍苍，天蓝蓝的。
⑦茫茫：辽阔无边的样子。
⑧见（xiàn）：同“现”，显露。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

《敕勒歌》是南北朝时期流传于北朝的乐府民歌，一般认为是由鲜卑语译成汉语的诗作。此诗歌咏了北国草原壮丽富饶的风光，抒写敕勒人热爱家乡热爱生活的豪情。开头两句交代敕勒川位于高耸云霄的阴山脚下，将草原的背景衬托得十分雄伟。接着两句用“穹庐”作比喻，说天空如蒙古包，盖住了草原的四面八方，以此来形容极目远望，天野相接，无比壮阔的景象。最后三句描绘了一幅水草丰盛、牛羊肥壮的草原全景图。有静有动，有形象，有色彩。全诗风格明朗豪爽，境界开阔，音调雄壮，语言明白如话，艺术概括力极强，受到历代文论家和文学史论著的好评。对它的学术研究，经久不衰。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

公元四到六世纪，中国北方大部分地区处在鲜卑、匈奴等少数民族的统治之下，先后建立了北魏、北齐、北周等五个政权，历史上称为“北朝”。北朝民歌主要是北魏以后用汉语记录的作品。根据《通鉴》胡注“斛律金出敕勒”，可知《敕勒歌》是北齐斛律金所唱的“敕勒”民歌。《乐府解题》说“其歌本鲜卑语，易为齐言”，表明这是一篇翻译作品。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊 生字

“天苍苍，野茫茫”是静态的描写。 “风吹草低见牛羊”是动态的，这首诗中有静有动，形成了一种动静结合的美，这样诗看起来就会显得有生气。

敕勒是我国北方少数民族的名称，敕勒歌顾名思义就是歌颂北方敕勒族游牧生活的美好。

“风吹草低见牛羊”的意思是：风儿吹过，牧草低伏，显露出原来隐没于草丛中的众多牛羊。句中的“见”读作“xiàn”，意思是“显露、显现”。

“苍苍”的意思是青色，天苍苍指天蓝蓝的。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

sù

xiǔ

xiù

释义 1.止宿；过夜 2.平素的；一向的 3.年老的；有经验的 4.有名望的人

sì

释义 1.古代官署名 2.佛教的庙宇 3.伊斯兰教徒礼拜、讲经的处所

wēi

释义 1.忧惧；恐惧；使恐惧 2.险恶；不安全（跟“安”相对） 3.伤害；使处于不安全的境地 4.特指人将死 5.端正 6.高耸的；直立的 7.星宿名。二十八宿之一

chén

释义 1.地支的第五位 2.星宿名。即心宿，二十八宿之一 3.日、月、星的总称；众星 4.日子；时间 5.古代将一昼夜分为十二辰

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这首民歌，勾勒出了北国草原壮丽富饶的风光，抒写敕勒人热爱家乡热爱生活的豪情，境界开阔，音调雄壮，语言明白如话，艺术概括力极强。
“敕勒川，阴山下”，歌一开头就以高亢的音调，吟咏出北方的自然特点，无遮无拦，高远辽阔。这简洁的六个字，格调雄阔宏放，透显出敕勒民族雄强有力的性格。
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