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己亥杂诗·其一二五

【作者】龚自珍【朝代】清

拼音

译文

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jiǔ

九

zhōu

州

shēng

生

qì

气

shì

恃

fēng

风

léi

雷

，

wàn

万

mǎ

马

qí

齐

yīn

喑

jiū

究

kě

可

āi

哀

。

wǒ

我

quàn

劝

tiān

天

gōng

公

chóng

重

dǒu

抖

sǒu

擞

，

bù

不

jū

拘

yī

一

gé

格

jiàng

降

rén

人

cái

材

。

只有狂雷炸响般的巨大力量才能使中国大地发出勃勃生机，然而社会政局毫无生气终究是一种悲哀。我奉劝上天要重新振作精神，不要拘泥一定规格以降下更多的人才。

九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀。

只有狂雷炸响般的巨大力量才能使中国大地发出勃勃生机，然而社会政局毫无生气终究是一种悲哀。

我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人材。

我奉劝上天要重新振作精神，不要拘泥一定规格以降下更多的人才。

九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀。
我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人材。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

⑴九州：中国的别称之一。分别是：冀州、兖州、青州、徐州、扬州、荆州、梁州、雍州和豫州。王昌龄《放歌行》：“清乐动千门，皇风被九州”。生气：生气勃勃的局面。恃（shì）：依靠。
⑵万马齐喑：比喻社会政局毫无生气。喑（yīn），沉默，不说话。
⑶天公：造物主。抖擞：振作，奋发。
不拘一格：不固守于唯一的标准。
⑷降：降生，降临。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

这是一首出色的政治诗。　　全诗层次清晰，共分三个层次：第一层，写了万马齐喑，朝野噤声的死气沉沉的现实社会。“万马齐喑”，比喻在清朝统治下，人们不敢讲话，到处是一种令人窒息的沉闷气氛。这里用了一个典故。苏轼《三马图赞引》：“时（宋元祐初）西域贡马，首高八尺，龙颅而凤骨，虎背而豹章，出东华门，入天驷监，振鬣长鸣，万马齐喑。”对于“万马齐喑”的局面，用一“哀”字，表明诗人痛惜之情与爱国之心。诗人于1810年到北京做官，满怀经世之志、治国之略，但是仕途的失意。政治主张的破灭，使他清醒地认识到他处在“平生进退两颠簸”（《十月廿夜大风不寐起而书怀》）的境遇中。　　第二层，作者指出了要改变这种沉闷，腐朽的现状，就必须依靠风雷激荡般的巨大力量。暗喻必须经历波澜壮阔的社会变革才能使中国变得生机勃勃。　　第三层，作者认为这样的力量来源于人材，而朝庭所应该做的就是破格荐用人材，只有这样，中国才有希望。“我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人才。”运用移花接木的手法，表现了诗人渴望砸烂黑暗统治，出现一个崭新世界的愿望。“天公”，即玉皇，亦即世俗所谓老天爷。诗人揭露时弊，忽然就劝起老天爷来了，诗末自注云：“过镇江，见赛玉皇及风神、雷神者，祷祠数万，道士乞撰青词。”这个自注说明了诗人写这首诗的具体环境，看出了诗人是借“道士乞撰青词”之机，用民间迷信活动来为自己所要表达的思想感情服务。“不拘一格”，充分表现了诗人开阔的胸怀，远大的目光，具有战略性的设想。当时的清政府，腐朽无能，内忧外患，特别是帝国主义侵略者，虎视耽耽，奴役中国民族、灭亡中国国家之心不死，瓜分风潮，迫在眉睫，要拯救暴风中破船似的中国，非有各方面的大批人才，是无济于事的，所以诗人劝天公重新振作精神，不拘一格而降大批人才，共挽即倒的狂澜，将倾的大厦。“劝”字，颇具积极意义。它是奉劝，而不是乞求，表现了诗人处于踞离临下的地位，也显示出诗人变革的信心。　　诗的前两句用了两个比喻，写出了诗人对当时中国形势的看法。“万马齐喑”比喻在腐朽、残酷的反动统治下，思想被禁锢，人才被扼杀，到处是昏沉、庸俗、愚昧，一片死寂、令人窒息的现实状况。“风雷”比喻新兴的社会力量，比喻尖锐猛烈的改革。从大处着眼、整体着眼、大气磅礴、雄浑深邃的艺术境界。诗的后两句，“我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人才”是传诵的名句。诗人用奇特的想象表现了他热烈的希望，他期待着优秀杰出人物的涌现，期待着改革大势形成新的“风雷”、新的生机，一扫笼罩九州的沉闷和迟滞的局面，既揭露矛盾、批判现实，更憧憬未来、充满理想。它独辟奇境，别开生面，呼唤着变革，呼唤未来。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

龚自珍所处时代是封建主义腐朽没落的时代。他以其才华，起而议政“医国”，宣传变革，终因“动触时忌”，他于公元1839年（道光十九年己亥）辞官南归，在途中写下三百一十五首《己亥杂诗》。这即是其中一首。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊 生字

　“九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀”：这两句以比喻修辞格，表明只有依靠一场急风惊雷，才能打破在清朝统治下，到处呈现着的为时已久的一片死气沉沉的局面。

我劝天公重抖擞，不拘一格降人材”两句，运用移花接木的手法，表现了诗人渴望砸烂黑暗统治，出现一个崭新世界的愿望。“天公”，即玉皇，亦即世俗所谓老天爷。

浩荡离愁：离别京都的愁思浩如水波，也指作者心潮不平。浩荡：无限。

落红：落花。花朵以红色者为尊贵，因此落花又称为落红。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊生字

nǎi

释义 1.第二人称代词。你；你的 2.是；就是 3.副词。于是；这才； 4.却；竟然； 5.只；仅仅

xūn

xùn

释义 1.烟或气味接触物体 2.熏制食品 3.逐渐受到影响 4.温和

hài

释义 1.地支的第十二位。用作顺序的第十二 2.亥时。旧计时法，相当于晚上9点到11点

shì

释义 1.依赖；倚仗 2.指母亲

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这是一首出色的政治。全诗层次清晰，共分三个层次：第一层，写了万马齐喑，朝野噤声的死气沉沉的现实社会。第二层，作者指出了要改变这种沉闷，腐朽的观状，就必须依靠风雷激荡般的巨大力量。暗喻必须经历波澜壮阔的社会变革才能使中国变得生机勃勃。第三层，作者认为这样的力量来源于人材，而朝庭所应该做的就是破格荐用人材，只有这样，中国才有希望。诗中选用“九州”、“风雷”、“万马”、“天公”这样的具有壮伟特征的主观意象，寓意深刻，气势磅礴。
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“不拘一格”这则成语的意思是不局限于一种规格或方式。
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龚自珍是我国清代的思想家和文学家。1792年，他出生于浙江仁和（在今抗州）一个封建官僚家庭。他从小就喜爱读书，特别爱学写诗。14岁时，他就能写诗，18岁时会填词，20岁就成了当时著名的诗人。他写的诗，想象力很丰富，语言也瑰丽多姿，具有浪漫主义风格。他在诗中揭露了清王朝的黑暗和腐败，主张改革，支持禁烟派，反对侵略，反对妥协，充满着爱国热情。他是个爱国主义者。
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作者介绍

龚自珍（1792年8月22日～1841年9月26日）近代思想家、文学家及改良主义的先驱者。27岁中举人，38岁中进士。曾任内阁中书、宗人府主事和礼部主事等官职。主张革除弊政，抵制外国侵略，曾全力支持林则徐禁除鸦片。48岁辞官南归，次年暴卒于江苏丹阳云阳书院。他的诗文主张“更法”、“改图”，揭露清统治者的腐朽，洋溢着爱国热情，被柳亚子誉为“三百年来第一流”。著有《定庵文集》，留存文章300余篇，诗词近800首，今人辑为《龚自珍全集》。著名诗作《己亥杂诗》共315首。百科详情>>

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