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【作者】陆游【朝代】宋

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译文

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我本来知道，当我死后，人间的一切就都和我无关了；但唯一使我痛心的，就是我没能亲眼看到祖国的统一。因此，当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时，你们举行家祭，千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的父亲！

死去元知万事空，但悲不见九州同。

我本来知道，当我死后，人间的一切就都和我无关了；但唯一使我痛心的，就是我没能亲眼看到祖国的统一。

王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。

因此，当大宋军队收复了中原失地的那一天到来之时，你们举行家祭，千万别忘把这好消息告诉你们的父亲！

死去元知万事空，但悲不见九州同。
王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。

标签:

爱国忧国忧民古诗三百首情感数字

出自部编版五年级上《古诗三首》

《题临安邸》《己亥杂诗》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

1.示儿：写给儿子们看。
2.元知：原本知道。元，通“原”。本来。在苏教版等大部分教材中本第一句为“死去元知万事空”，但在老的人教版等教材中为“死去原知万事空”，因为是通假字，所以并不影响本诗的意境，尚有争议。人教版等教材多为“元”，不常用通假字。
3.万事空：什么也没有了。
4.但：只是。
5.悲：悲伤
6.九州：这里代指宋代的中国。古代中国分为九州，所以常用九州指代中国。
7.同：统一。
8.王师：指南宋朝廷的军队。
9.北定：将北方平定。
10.中原：指淮河以北被金人侵占的地区。
11.家祭：祭祀家中先人。
12.无忘：不要忘记。
13.乃翁：你的父亲，指陆游自己。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《示儿》是宋代诗人陆游创作的一首诗，是诗人的绝笔。首句表明诗人即将离开人世，就什么都没有了，万事皆空，用不着牵挂了，从中体会诗人那种悲哀凄凉之心情。第二句描写诗人的悲怆心境。此句诗意是诗人向儿子们交代他至死也无法排除的极大悲痛的心境，那就是没有亲眼看到祖国的统一而深深感到遗憾。第三句以热切期望的语气表达了渴望收复失地的信念。表明诗人虽然沉痛，但并未绝望。诗人坚信总有一天宋朝的军队必定能平定中原，光复失地。有了这一句，诗的情调便由悲痛转化为激昂。最后一句写作者无奈自己已经看不到祖国统一的那一天，只好把希望寄托于后代子孙。于是深情地嘱咐儿子，在家祭时千万别忘记把“北定中原”的喜讯告诉父亲，表达了诗人坚定的信念和悲壮的心愿，充分体现了年迈衰老的陆游爱国、报国之情，从中受到感染，加深热爱祖国的情感。此诗传达出诗人临终时复杂的思想情绪和忧国忧民的爱国情怀，表现了诗人一生的心愿，倾注了诗人满腔的悲慨，既有对抗金大业未就的无穷遗恨，也有对神圣事业必成的坚定信念。全诗用笔曲折，行文多变，语言没有丝毫雕琢，直抒胸臆，浑然天成，以极朴素、平淡的语言表达极深厚、强烈的情感，自然地达到真切动人的艺术效果。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《示儿》为陆游的绝笔诗，作于宋宁宗嘉定二年十二月（1210年元月）。此时陆游八十五岁，一病不起，在临终前，给儿子们写下了这首诗。这既是诗人的遗嘱，也是诗人发出的最后的抗战号召。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

陆游，宋代爱国诗人、词人。字务观，号放翁，与尤袤、杨万里、范成大并称“南宋四大家”。

《示儿》为陆游的绝笔诗，也就是陆游的遗嘱。

九州在诗中代指宋代的中国。古代中国分为九州，所以常用九州指代中国。

“元”“空”二字强劲有力，反衬出诗人那种“不见九州同”则死不瞑目的心情。

赏析相关内容

是陆游爱国诗中的又一首名篇。陆游一生致力于抗金斗争，一直希望能收复中原。虽然频遇挫折，却仍然未改变初衷。从诗中可以领会到诗人的爱国激情是何等的执着、深沉、热烈、真挚！也凝聚着诗人毕生的心事，诗人始终如一地抱着当时汉民族必然要光复旧物的信念，对抗战事业具有必胜的信心。题目是《示儿》，相当于遗嘱。在短短的篇幅中，诗人披肝沥胆地嘱咐着儿子，无比光明磊落，激动人心！浓浓的爱国之情跃然纸上。
诗人在写此诗的十一年以前，叹息过“死前恨不见中原”，在热烈地期待着旧业的光复。直到临终之际，诗人仍然抱有这样坚定的信念，宋朝的抗敌部队要挥戈... 古诗文网>>

赏析 相关内容

创作背景

作者：佚名

　　陆游的一生，呼吸着时代的气息，呐喊着北伐抗金的战斗呼声，表现出高度的爱国主义热忱。《示儿》为陆游的绝笔，作于宁宗嘉定三年（1210年），既是... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。其一生笔耕不辍，今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。与王安石、苏轼、黄庭坚并称“宋代四大诗人”，又与杨万里、范成大、尤袤合称“南宋四大家”。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。百科详情>>

示儿

创作背景

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