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【作者】苏轼【朝代】宋

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chǔ

楚

rén

人

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qū

屈

yuán

原

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qiān

千

zài

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xiē

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jīng

精

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piāo

飘

hé

何

chǔ

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fù

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老

kōng

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哽

yè

咽

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zhì

至

jīn

今

cāng

沧

jiāng

江

shàng

上

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tóu

投

fàn

饭

jiù

救

jī

饥

kě

渴

。

yí

遗

fēng

风

chéng

成

jìng

竞

dù

渡

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āi

哀

jiào

叫

chǔ

楚

shān

山

liè

裂

。

qū

屈

yuán

原

gǔ

古

zhuàng

壮

shì

士

，

jiù

就

sǐ

死

yì

意

shèn

甚

liè

烈

。

shì

世

sú

俗

ān

安

dé

得

zhī

知

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juàn

眷

juàn

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bù

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rěn

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jué

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nán

南

bīn

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shǔ

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shān

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有

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塔

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yīng

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fèng

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佛

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miè

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yǐ

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gǔ

古

rén

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shuí

谁

bù

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sǐ

死

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hé

何

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jiào

较

kǎo

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zhé

折

。

míng

名

shēng

声

shí

实

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qióng

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fù

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guì

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yì

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dài

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cǐ

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lǐ

理

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suǒ

所

yǐ

以

chí

持

sǐ

死

jié

节

。

楚人悲屈原，千载意未歇。
精魂飘何处，父老空哽咽。
至今沧江上，投饭救饥渴。
遗风成竞渡，哀叫楚山裂。
屈原古壮士，就死意甚烈。
世俗安得知，眷眷不忍决。
南宾旧属楚，山上有遗塔。
应是奉佛人，恐子就沦灭。
此事虽无凭，此意固已切。
古人谁不死，何必较考折。
名声实无穷，富贵亦暂热。
大夫知此理，所以持死节。

标签:

情感风俗节日端午节怀古数字

译文注释

楚地的人都为屈原感到悲哀，这种情感千百年来一直没有停止。他的精神魂魄飘到了什么地方？只留父老在哽咽哭泣。直到今天，在苍绿色的江流上，人们还投下饭食拯救饥饿的鱼龟虾蟹不让它们吃屈原的尸体。遗留下来的风俗成了比赛划龙舟，人们哀叫的声音甚至要把楚地的山震裂。屈原是古时的豪迈之人，当时慷慨赴死的意志非常忠烈。世上的俗人怎么能知道他这种想法呢，都以为屈原恋恋不舍，不愿意与这个世间告别。南宾县之前属于楚地，山上有留下来的古塔。这塔应该是侍奉佛祖的僧人担心屈原的精魂就要消散，所以修建的。这件事虽然没有凭据，但这份心意已经很真切了。古往今来的人有谁是不死的？没有必要去比较是到底是长寿好还是死亡好。人的名声实在是不会消忘的，而身份财富只是短暂的荣盛。屈原正是知道这个道理，所以即使是死也要保持自己的气节与节操。

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译文注释

楚楚国，楚地，如今的湖南湖北一带，也泛指南方。屈原：中国历史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人，生于公元前年，死于公元前年，战国时期楚国诗人、政治家，相传于农历五月五日投汨罗江自尽。
歇：停止，休止。《说文》：歇，息也。
精魂：精神魂魄。
沧江：泛指江河，江流，因为水为苍色，所以称沧江。沧，水深绿色，通苍。
投饭：投下饭食喂河里的生物让它们吃饱了就不在吃屈原的遗体。古时荆楚之人有在农历五月初五将煮好的糯米饭和蒸好的粽糕投入江中祭祀屈原的习俗。
饥渴：饥饿的鱼龟虾蟹，属偏义复词，特指饥。
就死：赴死。就，即也。
眷眷：依恋反顾貌，带不舍之意。
决：别也。
南宾：忠州南宾县，如今的四川丰都。当时诗人侍父入京做官，途经此地。
子：指屈原，屈原的精魂。
沦灭：消亡，消失。沦，没也。
此事：指诗人猜测造塔原因这件事。
考：老，长寿。《说文》，考，老也。七十曰老。《说文序》中提到考属转注（古代造字方法之一）字，考老是也，正好呼应前句的谁不死，并与后面的折产生对比，两字才可以相较。
折：断，指死亡。
大夫：指屈原，屈原曾受楚怀王信任担任三闾大夫。
死节：为了保全气节、节操赴死。《楚辞九章》：或忠信而死节兮。

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赏析

刘禹锡一样苏轼也历经贬谪，在一肚子不合时宜的心境中度过人生的大半光阴。不过写作此的嘉祐四年(1059)，苏轼还是意气风发的青年才士，两年前刚以21岁的年龄成为进士。本年冬苏轼侍父入京，途经忠州南宾县(今四川丰都)，看到这个与屈原毫无关系的地方竟建有一座屈原塔，惊异之余便写下了上面这首五言古诗。诗分三段：前八句写端午节投粽子、赛龙舟习俗与屈原的关系，次八句推测屈原塔的来历，末八句赞美屈原不苟求富贵而追求理想的节操。
相比楚地民俗来，更触动苏轼的是屈原那深入人心的精神品格，因此他不是在纪实性的叙写中展开作品，而是付之以精神史... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

苏轼（1037年1月8日－1101年8月24日），字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，世称“苏东坡”。汉族，眉州人。北宋诗人、词人，宋代文学家，是豪放派词人的主要代表之一，“唐宋八大家”之一。在政治上属于旧党，但也有改革弊政的要求。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，其诗题材广泛，内容丰富，现存诗3900余首。代表作品有《水调歌头·中秋》、《赤壁赋》、《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》、《记承天寺夜游》等。百科详情>>

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